IIHS Pedestrian Autobrake Tests – Audi, Ford, Hyundai, Kia, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Subaru

The Wheel Network

AI-assisted summary of IIHS Pedestrian Autobrake Tests – Audi, Ford, Hyundai, Kia, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Subaru — original source. Check the original for full context.

Source published: 2019-10-31

Key ideas

IIHS evaluated pedestrian automatic emergency braking systems across 16 midsize cars, awarding superior ratings to six models while four nonluxury vehicles earned only basic ratings or no credit. (0:00)
The evaluation addresses a 53 percent surge in annual pedestrian fatalities since 2009, with deaths exceeding 6,000 in 2018 and Halloween ranking among the deadliest periods of the year. (0:00)
Performance disparities were significant: while the Audi A4, BMW 3 series, Mercedes-Benz C-Class, Nissan Maxima, Subaru Outback, and Volvo S60 earned superior ratings, the Ford Fusion, Hyundai Sonata, and Kia Optima received no credit due to repeated braking failures. (5:00)
Higher-tier optional systems do not consistently outperform base equipment; the BMW 3 series standard system earned a superior rating, outperforming its more expensive optional system which achieved only an advanced rating. (5:00)

Detailed notes

## Background Published on YouTube by The Wheel Network on October 31, 2019, this video presents Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) track evaluations assessing pedestrian crash prevention systems across 16 midsize cars. Timed around Halloween—historically one of the deadliest times of the year for walking traffic in the U.S.—the tests evaluate how effectively camera and radar active safety systems detect pedestrians and automatically brake across multiple daylight scenarios.

## TL;DR The IIHS evaluates 16 midsize luxury and nonluxury vehicles across three simulated pedestrian encounters: an adult crossing an open street, a child darting out between parked cars, and an adult walking along the edge of the travel lane at speeds up to 37 mph. Vehicles are given only one to two seconds to detect the dummy targets and apply emergency braking before impact. Top performers such as the Audi A4, Nissan Maxima, and Subaru Outback earned 'Superior' ratings by consistently avoiding collisions or substantially mitigating impact speeds. Conversely, the Ford Fusion, Hyundai Sonata, and Kia Optima received 'No Credit' ratings due to widespread failure to slow down in multiple scenarios.

## Atmosphere & style The presentation has a clinical, objective, and tense documentary atmosphere driven by the raw sights and sounds of the proving ground. Alternating between clean, high-tech interventions—marked by rapid interior chimes and ABS halts inches from a dummy—and violent collisions accompanied by hollow plastic impact thuds, the footage creates an unnerving demonstration of safety disparities. Sparse, functional radio exchanges from test drivers lend an authentic, behind-the-scenes engineering feel to the high-stakes trials.

## Bulletin - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) IIHS evaluated pedestrian automatic emergency braking systems across 16 midsize cars, awarding superior ratings to six models while four nonluxury vehicles earned only basic ratings or no credit. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) The evaluation addresses a 53 percent surge in annual pedestrian fatalities since 2009, with deaths exceeding 6,000 in 2018 and Halloween ranking among the deadliest periods of the year. - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) Performance disparities were significant: while the Audi A4, BMW 3 series, Mercedes-Benz C-Class, Nissan Maxima, Subaru Outback, and Volvo S60 earned superior ratings, the Ford Fusion, Hyundai Sonata, and Kia Optima received no credit due to repeated braking failures. - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) Higher-tier optional systems do not consistently outperform base equipment; the BMW 3 series standard system earned a superior rating, outperforming its more expensive optional system which achieved only an advanced rating.

## Key takeaways - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) Annual US pedestrian fatalities increased by 53 percent from their 2009 low point, exceeding 6,000 deaths in 2018. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) Data from 2013 to 2017 identified October 31 and November 1 as the two deadliest days of the year on average for pedestrians. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) Automakers committed to equipping pedestrian-capable automatic emergency braking systems ahead of a 2022 voluntary deadline. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) Pedestrian crash prevention came standard on all six luxury cars and six out of ten nonluxury cars evaluated in the 2019 test group. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) An HLDI study found Subaru's camera-based EyeSight system reduced likely pedestrian-related insurance claims by 35 percent. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) IIHS track testing relies on three daytime scenarios: an unobstructed crossing adult, a child darting between parked cars, and an adult walking parallel along the travel lane. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) Vehicles are given only one to two seconds to detect pedestrian targets and apply braking during test runs. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) Six midsize vehicles achieved top-tier superior ratings: Audi A4, BMW 3 series (standard), Mercedes-Benz C-Class (optional), Nissan Maxima, Subaru Outback, and Volvo S60. - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) The Ford Fusion, Hyundai Sonata, and Kia Optima earned no credit after failing to significantly reduce speed across multiple test setups. - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) Both optional configurations for the Chevrolet Malibu—camera-only and camera plus radar—managed only basic performance ratings. - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) On the Mercedes-Benz C-Class, the optional pedestrian safety system earned a superior rating, whereas its base standard system received a basic rating. - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) On the BMW 3 series, the standard base system unexpectedly outranked its optional package, securing a superior rating versus advanced.

## Detailed walkthrough ### [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) IIHS Track Testing and Active Safety Evaluations

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) conducts track evaluations of pedestrian automatic emergency braking (AEB) systems across 16 midsize vehicles. These evaluations come against the backdrop of pedestrian road safety statistics showing that annual pedestrian fatalities surged by 53 percent from their low point in 2009, surpassing 6,000 pedestrian deaths in 2018. Testing was highlighted around Halloween, as data from 2013 to 2017 showed October 31 and November 1 (post-midnight) to be the deadliest days of the year for walking traffic. On the test track, vehicles are placed in three core daylight scenarios designed to replicate real-world vehicle-pedestrian encounters: an adult crossing an unobstructed roadway, a child darting out from between parked cars, and an adult walking along the edge of the travel lane parallel to traffic. In each trial, the vehicle has between one and two seconds to detect the dummy, sound collision warnings, and engage braking.

Across the opening demonstrations, vehicle alert chimes ring out as onboard forward-facing cameras and radar arrays identify stationary and moving mannequin targets. In successful runs, the active safety systems intervene rapidly to slow or completely halt the vehicle before impact. In contrasting failed runs, audible impact thuds mark collisions where systems fail to recognize the pedestrian target or apply sufficient braking force. System configurations across midsize cars vary between camera-only setups and hybrid camera-and-radar sensors mounted in the windshield and front grille. A 2017 Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI) study underscored the real-world value of effective hardware, revealing that Subaru’s camera-based EyeSight technology reduced pedestrian-related insurance claims by 35 percent compared to non-equipped counterparts. During one of the track runs, the audio feed registers the spoken utterance, “I'm going to go.”

```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: IIHS Pedestrian Test Evaluation Process accDescr: Flowchart outlining the sensor detection, scenario speeds, and safety rating outcomes in IIHS pedestrian crash prevention tests.

subgraph Sensors["Sensing & Decision"] A["Forward Cameras & Radar"] --> B{"Algorithm Detects Pedestrian?"} end

subgraph Scenarios["Test Scenarios & Speeds"] B -->|"Yes"| C["Perpendicular Adult (12 & 25 mph)"] B -->|"Yes"| D["Perpendicular Child Dart (12 & 25 mph)"] B -->|"Yes"| E["Parallel Adult (25 & 37 mph)"] end

subgraph Ratings["IIHS Ratings"] C & D & E --> F["Superior (Avoids / Drastic Reduction)"] C & D & E --> G["Advanced (Substantial Reduction)"] C & D & E --> H["Basic / No Credit (Minimal or No Braking)"] end ```

- **Perpendicular Adult Scenario**: Tested at 12 mph and 25 mph with an unobstructed view of a pedestrian crossing into the vehicle's path. - **Child Dart Scenario**: Tested at 12 mph and 25 mph simulating a child emerging suddenly from behind two parked vehicles. - **Parallel Adult Scenario**: Conducted at 25 mph and 37 mph with an adult walking along the roadway edge facing away from traffic. - **Equipment Standard**: Pedestrian AEB is standard equipment on all six luxury midsize cars evaluated and standard on six out of ten nonluxury cars in the 2019 test fleet. - **Top Performers**: Superior ratings are awarded to the Audi A4, BMW 3 series (standard system), Mercedes-Benz C-Class (optional system), Nissan Maxima, Subaru Outback, and Volvo S60.

[05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) High-Speed Run-Throughs and Test Conclusions

The higher-speed test stages feature vehicles approaching dummy targets in the 25 mph and 37 mph test brackets, where sensors must calculate trajectories and trigger decelerations faster than average human reaction times. Vehicles that struggle in these higher-speed configurations fail to mitigate impact speeds significantly, resulting in forceful strikes against the mannequins accompanied by heavy impact sounds on the track. In contrast, fully optimized systems execute decisive emergency stops, keeping the vehicle bumper inches from the pedestrian target.

The overall results highlight stark performance disparities among nonluxury and luxury models alike. The Ford Fusion, Hyundai Sonata, and Kia Optima earn no credit after failing to slow significantly in multiple track scenarios, while models like the Chevrolet Malibu receive basic ratings across both its camera-only and combined camera-and-radar systems. Even within individual model lines, hardware differences yield contrasting results: the Mercedes-Benz C-Class standard system earns only a basic rating compared to the superior rating of its optional package, whereas the BMW 3 series standard system outscores its optional counterpart by securing a superior rating over the optional advanced package. As the testing concludes, the captured audio records a final sign-off, “Bye.”

## Mentioned Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI), Subaru EyeSight, Audi A4, BMW 3 series, Mercedes-Benz C-Class, Nissan Maxima, Subaru Outback, Volvo S60, Chevrolet Malibu, Ford Fusion, Hyundai Sonata, Kia Optima

## Video description The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety rated the pedestrian crash prevention systems of 16 midsize cars in the lead-up to Halloween, a holiday that consistently ranks among the deadliest days for pedestrians in the United States.

Four luxury and two nonluxury midsize cars earn a superior rating for their pedestrian crash prevention systems, while four nonluxury cars earn only a basic rating or no credit. Another six cars earn an advanced rating.

Annual pedestrian fatalities have increased 53 percent since reaching a low point in 2009. More than 6,000 pedestrians were killed in 2018. During 2013-17, the two deadliest days of the year for pedestrians on average were Oct. 31 and Nov. 1 (or after midnight on Halloween).

Technology could be part of the solution. Many manufacturers are upgrading the automatic emergency braking systems they have agreed to install by 2022 to recognize pedestrians, in addition to other vehicles. These systems scan the path ahead and automatically apply the brakes to avoid hitting people in the roadway.

About two-thirds of the vehicles that IIHS rates included pedestrian detection in 2019, in many cases as standard equipment. Among the vehicles evaluated in this current round of testing, pedestrian crash prevention is standard on all six luxury cars and six out of 10 nonluxury cars.

When they work correctly, such systems can help avert tragedy. A 2017 Highway Loss Data Institute analysis, for instance, found that Subaru's EyeSight system with pedestrian detection cut the rate of likely pedestrian-related insurance claims by 35 percent, compared with the same vehicles without the system.

Most pedestrian crash prevention systems use one or two forward-facing cameras mounted near the rearview mirror and/or radar sensors in the front grille to scan the roadway for pedestrians poised to enter the vehicle's path. Algorithms determine if the detected objects are pedestrians. In some cases, they can recognize bicyclists or animals too. If the software calculates that a collision is imminent, it alerts the driver and applies the brakes faster than a human can react.

The performance of the systems varies widely, the latest IIHS ratings show.The Audi A4, BMW 3 series, Mercedes-Benz C-Class, Nissan Maxima, Subaru Outback and Volvo S60 have systems that earn superior ratings. They avoided collisions or slowed substantially in track tests.

At the other end of the spectrum, the Ford Fusion, Hyundai Sonata and Kia Optima earn no credit because they failed to slow significantly in multiple scenarios.

The C-Class, 3 series and Chevrolet Malibu each offer two different pedestrian crash prevention systems. On the C-Class, the optional system earns a superior rating, while the standard one earns a basic rating. On the 3 series, the standard system surprisingly earns a higher rating of superior, while the more costly optional system earns an advanced rating. Both of the Malibu's optional systems — a camera only and a camera plus radar — earn basic ratings.

About the tests IIHS launched its pedestrian ratings in February. In the first round of testing, four out of 11 small SUVs earned a superior rating, while another five earned an advanced rating.

IIHS tests performance in three scenarios: an adult pedestrian stepping into the street in the path of the oncoming vehicle with an unobstructed view, a child darting into the street from behind two parked cars, and an adult pedestrian near the side of the road in the travel lane, facing away from traffic. The two perpendicular tests are conducted at 12 and 25 miles per hour, and the test simulating a pedestrian walking in a parallel path to the vehicle is conducted at 25 and 37 mph.

In each of these tests, the system has 1 or 2 seconds to stop the car to avoid hitting the pedestrian dummy.

Each test is performed in full daylight on dry pavement. Systems might not perform as well during the nighttime hours that account for most pedestrian fatalities, though if paired with good-performing headlights, they should be able to detect pedestrians.

Pedestrian crash prevention ratings for midsize cars: SUPERIOR 2019 Audi A4 2019-20 BMW 3 series 2020 Subaru Outback 2019-20 Mercedes-Benz C-Class* 2019-20 Nissan Maxima (optional for 2019/standard for 2020) 2019 Volvo S60

ADVANCED 2019-20 BMW 3 series* 2019-20 Honda Accord 2019-20 Lexus ES 350 2019 Mazda 6 2019-20 Nissan Altima 2019-20 Tesla Model 3 2019-20 Toyota Camry

BASIC 2019-20 Chevrolet Malibu* 2019-20 Mercedes-Benz C-Class

NO CREDIT 2019-20 Ford Fusion 2019 Hyundai Sonata* 2019 Kia Optima*

* Optional safety pack

[Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE)

中文简报

IIHS行人自动刹车测试：奥迪、福特、现代、起亚、梅赛德斯-奔驰、日产与斯巴鲁 IIHS在三种模拟行人遇险场景下对16款中型豪华及非豪华汽车进行了评估：成年人横穿开阔街道、儿童从停泊车辆间窜出，以及成年人沿车道边缘行走，测试车速最高达37英里/小时。车辆在发生碰撞前仅有一至两秒的时间来探测假人目标并实施紧急制动。奥迪A4、日产西玛（Nissan Maxima）和斯巴鲁傲虎等表现优异的车型因始终能避免碰撞或大幅降低撞击速度而获得“卓越”（Superior）评级。相反，福特蒙迪欧（Ford Fusion）、现代索纳塔和起亚远舰（Kia Optima）因在多个场景下普遍未能有效减速而获得“无评级”（No Credit）。 IIHS对16款中型轿车的行人自动紧急制动系统进行了评估，其中6款车型获得卓越评级，而4款非豪华车型仅获得基础评级或无评级。 (0:00) 该评估针对自2009年以来年行人死亡人数激增53%的现状，2018年死亡人数已超过6000人，而万圣节属于一年中最致命的时期之一。 (0:00) 性能差距显著：奥迪A4、宝马3系、梅赛德斯-奔驰C级、日产西玛、斯巴鲁傲虎和沃尔沃S60获得了卓越评级，而福特蒙迪欧、现代索纳塔和起亚远舰则因多次制动失败获得无评级。 (5:00) 更高级别的选配系统并不总是优于标配设备；宝马3系的标准系统获得了卓越评级，表现优于仅获得进阶评级且更昂贵的选配系统。 (5:00)

Reading summary

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) evaluated pedestrian automatic emergency braking systems across 16 midsize cars, revealing significant performance variations ranging from superior crash prevention to total system failure. Surging Fatalities and Testing Protocols (0:00) The IIHS evaluations address a sharp rise in walking casualties, as annual pedestrian deaths climbed 53 percent from their 2009 low point to exceed 6,000 fatalities in 2018. Historical data from 2013 to 2017 identified October 31 and the early hours of November 1 as the deadliest period of the year for pedestrians, highlighting the need for functional automated intervention. Testing evaluates vehicles under three daylight scenarios: an unobstructed adult crossing the roadway at 12 mph and 25 mph, a child darting from between parked cars at 12 mph and 25 mph, and an adult walking parallel to traffic along the lane edge at 25 mph and 37 mph. In each run, onboard systems have between one and two seconds to identify the dummy target, alert the driver, and initiate braking. Sensor Configurations and Real-World Value (0:00) Evaluated vehicles rely on varied hardware suites, using either camera-only packages or hybrid setups combining windshield cameras and front grille radar. Real-world insurance data confirms the effectiveness of well-designed setups; a 2017 Highway Loss Data Institute study showed that Subaru's camera-based EyeSight system reduced pedestrian-related insurance claims by 35 percent relative to unequipped vehicles. While pedestrian AEB was standard equipment on all six luxury midsize cars in the 2019 fleet, it was standard on only six out of ten nonluxury models. The evaluations showed that successful implementations reliably execute automatic stops within inches of mannequin targets, whereas struggling systems fail to detect targets quickly enough to reduce impact speeds. Performance Disparities Across Vehicle Brands (5:00) Track results revealed stark performance divides that did not strictly align with luxury pricing. Six vehicles secured the top 'Superior' rating: the Audi A4, Nissan Maxima, Subaru Outback, Volvo S60, the standard system on the BMW 3 series, and the optional package on the Mercedes-Benz C-Class. Conversely, the Ford Fusion, Hyundai Sonata, and Kia Optima received 'No Credit' after failing to achieve meaningful deceleration across multiple scenarios, while the Chevrolet Malibu earned a 'Basic' rating with both its camera-only and hybrid sensor packages. Hardware tiers within the same model lines produced unexpected outcomes. The Mercedes-Benz C-Class standard package scored a 'Basic' rating compared to its 'Superior' optional package. In contrast, the BMW 3 series standard system outperformed its own optional tier, earning a 'Superior' rating over the optional system's 'Advanced' rating. The IIHS evaluations demonstrate that pedestrian automatic emergency braking efficacy depends heavily on specific software and hardware integration, with standard equipment occasionally outperforming optional upgrades and several mainstream models failing to provide measurable crash mitigation.

精炼阅读摘要

美国公路安全保险协会（IIHS）针对16款中型轿车进行的行人自动紧急制动（AEB）赛道评估显示，各品牌在探测行人和实施减速避撞的能力上存在极大悬殊，部分车型的标配系统能完美刹停，而部分车型则因无法有效减速而未获评级。测试背景与三项真实场景设计 (0:00) IIHS展开此项主动安全测试的背景在于，全美行人道路死亡人数在2018年突破6,000人，较2009年的低点大幅增长了53%。统计数据显示，在2013年至2017年间，10月31日万圣节及11月1日午夜后是全年步行交通死亡事故最为集中的日期。为检验量产车的主动安全表现，IIHS在白天光照条件下设置了三种模拟真实路况的典型场景。这三类场景分别包含：成人无遮挡横穿道路（测试车速为12英里/小时与25英里/小时）、儿童从两辆路侧停放车辆之间突然横穿（测试车速同为12英里/小时与25英里/小时），以及成人背向车流沿车道边缘平行行走（测试车速为25英里/小时与37英里/小时）。在所有测试项目中，车辆的感知系统仅有1到2秒的时间窗口来完成识别假人、发出碰撞警报并介入紧急制动。传感技术配置与实际理赔效益 (0:00) 参测中型车的技术路线涵盖了挡风玻璃处的纯摄像头方案，以及整合前格栅毫米波雷达与摄像头的融合传感方案。在2019年的参测车型样本中，受测的全部6款豪华中型车均标配行人AEB，而10款非豪华中型车中则有6款作为标配提供。公路损失数据研究所（HLDI）2017年发布的研究为车载避障硬件的实际防护价值提供了现实依据：斯巴鲁基于立体摄像头的EyeSight技术，成功让涉及行人的保险索赔发生率比未配备该系统的同类车型降低了35%。在赛道实测中，优秀的传感器组合能在最后一刻将车速骤降甚至在假人前数英寸完全刹停，而性能不佳的系统则无法及时计算轨迹，产生强烈的直接撞击。实测评级分化与配置选装反差 (5:00) 在车速达到25英里/小时和37英里/小时的高速测试中，系统反应能力受到的考验尤为严苛。奥迪A4、日产Maxima、斯巴鲁Outback与沃尔沃S60凭借标配系统即斩获了IIHS最高级别的“卓越”（Superior）评级。与之形成鲜明对比的是，福特Fusion、现代索纳塔（Sonata）和起亚Optima在多项场景中几乎未能显著降速，最终被评定为“无评分”（No Credit）；雪佛兰Malibu不论搭载纯摄像头还是摄像头与雷达复合系统，均仅获得“初级”（Basic）评级。值得注意的是，同一车系内部的软硬件配置差异引发了意料之外的表现反差。梅赛德斯-奔驰C级的标配系统仅获得初级评级，而其选装升级系统则达到了卓越评级。反观宝马3系，其标配系统的赛道表现反而超越了其付费选装的高级安全包，标配系统荣获卓越评级，而选装版本仅获得次一级的“高级”（Advanced）评级。 IIHS测试表明，行人自动制动系统在不同品牌及不同配置间的性能一致性极差，高阶硬件或额外选装并不必然带来更优越的安全表现，各汽车制造商在传感器算法融合与极端工况制动调校上依然存在明显的技术代差。

Detailed notes — zh

## Background 该视频由 YouTube 频道 The Wheel Network 于 2019 年 10 月 31 日发布。视频内容源自美国公路安全保险协会（IIHS）在万圣节前夕发布的一项专项安全评测，重点评估了 16 款主流中型轿车搭载的行人自动紧急制动（AEB）系统在不同危险工况下的防碰撞性能。 ## TL;DR 随着全美行人交通事故死亡人数大幅攀升，IIHS 针对 16 款中型轿车展开了严苛的日间行人防碰撞测试，考核成人横穿、儿童窜出和同向背对行走三种高危场景。测试结果呈现出巨大的两极分化：奥迪 A4、宝马 3 系、奔驰 C 级选装版、日产西玛、斯巴鲁傲虎和沃尔沃 S60 表现出色荣获最高级别的“Superior（卓越）”评级，而福特 Fusion、现代索纳塔和起亚 Optima 则因在多项测试中未能显著减速而惨遭“No Credit（零分）”。此外，部分车型的标配与选配系统性能出现戏剧性反转，展现了不同车企在传感器融合与算法标定上的实际差距。 ## Atmosphere & style 整段视频充斥着工程测试特有的冷峻、严密与纪律感，完全由客观的实验镜头主导。画面伴随着刺耳的轮胎尖叫制动声、急促的机舱预警蜂鸣以及假人被猛烈撞飞时沉闷的撞击声，视听反差极为震撼。看着某些车辆在假人前从容优雅刹停，而另一些车辆却毫不减速高速碾过假人，观众不仅能直观感受到汽车主动安全算法的水平参差，更会被其直接关乎现实生死的残酷性所震撼。 ## Bulletin - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) IIHS 针对 16 款中型轿车展开行人防碰撞系统测试，其中 6 款车型荣获最高级别的 Superior（卓越）评级，而福特 Fusion、现代索纳塔及起亚 Optima 因未能有效减速被评为 No Credit（零分）。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) 自 2009 年触底以来，全美每年行人交通事故死亡人数激增了 53%，2018 年致死人数已突破 6,000 人，其中万圣节及次日凌晨属于全年行人伤亡最高危的时段。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) 公路损失数据研究所（HLDI）实测数据显示，搭载斯巴鲁 EyeSight 行人检测系统的车型，其涉及行人的相关保险索赔率相比未搭载车型显著降低了 35%。 - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) 部分车型的高阶选装系统表现出现反常：宝马 3 系标配系统表现优于昂贵的选配系统，而奔驰 C 级仅选装系统获得 Superior，原厂标配系统则仅达到 Basic 评级。 ## Key takeaways - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) 全美行人交通死亡人数在过去十年激增 53%，推动 IIHS 将行人自动紧急制动（AEB）纳入重点测试规程。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) 受测系统主要依靠车内后视镜附近的单目或双目摄像头搭配前格栅毫米波雷达，在判断碰撞不可避免时以极短时间全力制动。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) 测试涵盖三大现实危险场景：无遮挡成人横穿、视线受阻儿童从两车间窜出，以及成人背向交通同向顺行。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) 车辆垂直横穿测试在 12 mph 与 25 mph 下进行，顺行场景则在 25 mph 与 37 mph 下进行，车辆需在 1 至 2 秒内紧急刹停或大幅减速。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) 本次测试标准在日间干燥铺装路面上开展，虽已验证基础性能，但尚未覆盖绝大多数行人致死事故发生的夜间工况。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) 豪华中型轿车已全面标配行人碰撞预防系统，而非豪华中型车中仅有六成提供标配，普及率仍有差距。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) HLDI 真实保险数据显示，配备斯巴鲁 EyeSight 行人检测系统的车辆可将行人事故索赔率降低 35%，证明主动安全技术的实际避险价值。 - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) 受测 16 款车型性能分化严重：奥迪 A4、宝马 3 系、奔驰 C 级、日产西玛、斯巴鲁傲虎与沃尔沃 S60 共 6 款车斩获 Superior 卓越评级。 - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) 福特 Fusion、现代索纳塔与起亚 Optima 在多项场景中几乎无有效制动减速，直接将假人撞飞，最终获得 No Credit（未能得分）。 - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) 宝马 3 系出现标配系统优于选装系统的特殊情况，标配系统斩获 Superior，而昂贵选装系统仅评为 Advanced。 - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) 奔驰 C 级标配系统仅获 Basic 评级，需额外花钱升级高阶安全包才可达到 Superior 级别。 - [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) 雪佛兰迈锐宝提供的纯摄像头与“摄像头+雷达”两套选装方案减速表现均较弱，两套配置均仅获 Basic 基础评级。 ## Detailed walkthrough ### [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=0s) IIHS 行人自动紧急制动（AEB）测试背景与测试规程本段测试视频由美国公路安全保险协会（IIHS）在万圣节前夕发布。在美国，每年的 10 月 31 日万圣节及随后的 11 月 1 日凌晨，长期位列全美行人致死事故最高发的危险时段。数据显示，自 2009 年触底以来，美国每年的行人死亡人数激增了 53%，仅 2018 年一年就有超过 6,000 名行人丧生。为了推动主动安全技术普及以遏制这一趋势，IIHS 针对 16 款中型轿车（涵盖豪华与非豪华品牌）展开了新一轮行人碰撞预防系统（Pedestrian Crash Prevention System）评测。大多数受测系统依靠安装在车内后视镜附近的单目或双目微型前置摄像头，结合车头进气格栅内的毫米波雷达传感器，实时扫描车辆前方道路。系统的核心算法负责识别目标是否为行人（部分高级算法还能识别骑行者或动物）；一旦计算判断碰撞不可避免，系统会在比人类极限反应速度更短的时间内向驾驶员发出警报并自动全力制动。在具体测试环节中，测试现场伴随着制动抱死的尖锐胎响、防碰撞系统的警报蜂鸣声以及假人被撞飞沉重的撞击声（“*thud*”）。IIHS 设计了三种高度贴近现实事故的高危场景，车辆必须在系统探测到假人后的短短 1 到 2 秒内紧急刹停或大幅减速： ```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: IIHS 行人防碰撞系统测试三大场景与评估流程 accDescr: 展示三种测试场景及其对应测试车速和系统判定流程 subgraph Scenarios ["IIHS 测试场景设置"] S1["场景一：成人横穿马路 （视线无遮挡）"] S2["场景二：儿童穿行入路 （从两辆静止车后窜出）"] S3["场景三：成人顺行背向交通 （位于车道边缘同行）"] end subgraph Speeds ["测试速度设定"] V1["车速：12 mph & 25 mph"] V2["车速：12 mph & 25 mph"] V3["车速：25 mph & 37 mph"] end subgraph Processing ["感知与避险执行"] Sensors["传感器感知 （前置摄像头 + 格栅毫米波雷达）"] Action["行车电脑 1-2 秒内判定 发出警报并全力自动刹停"] end S1 --> V1 S2 --> V2 S3 --> V3 V1 --> Sensors V2 --> Sensors V3 --> Sensors Sensors --> Action ``` - **测试环境规范**：所有测试均在日间良好光照、干燥平整的铺装路面上进行。IIHS 特别指出，尽管大部分行人死亡事故发生在夜间，但本轮标准主要检验日间基础感知与主动制动极限。 - **豪华与主流配置分布**：在 2019 年参评车型中，大约三分之二的受测车辆已将行人检测列为配置。参与本轮评测的 6 款豪华中型车全部将该系统作为标准配置标配，而 10 款非豪华中型车中则有 6 款标配该系统。 - **真实保险减损证据**：公路损失数据研究所（HLDI）2017 年的一份专项数据分析显示，配备具有行人检测功能的斯巴鲁 EyeSight 系统的车辆，其涉及行人的可能相关保险索赔率相较于未搭载该系统的同款车型显著降低了 35%。 ### [05:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE&t=300s) 典型碰撞测试表现与 16 款车型评级分化随着测试深入至更高车速以及视线严重受阻的复杂场景，各大车企安全系统的实际工程表现呈现出严重的两极分化。在测试轨道上，部分表现出色的车型能够在距离假人仅数十厘米处稳稳刹停，车内警报急促长鸣；而部分表现欠佳的车型面对横穿的成人或窜出的儿童假人几乎毫无有效减速反应，车辆以原速直接将假人撞飞摧毁，暴露出不同传感器融合与算法标定上的巨大鸿沟。在本次测试的 16 款中型轿车中，共有 4 款豪华轿车和 2 款非豪华轿车斩获了最高级别的“Superior（卓越）”评级，另有 6 款车型获得“Advanced（高级）”评级，而 4 款非豪华轿车表现垫底，仅获得“Basic（基础）”甚至“No Credit（零分/未能获评）”。具体车型的评级结果与细节分化如下： - **获得 Superior（卓越）评级的车型**： - 奥迪 A4（Audi A4） - 宝马 3 系（BMW 3 series，其标配系统表现优异直接斩获 Superior，而价格更昂贵的高级选配系统反而仅获评 Advanced） - 梅赛德斯-奔驰 C 级（Mercedes-Benz C-Class，需注意其选装的高阶系统获得 Superior，而原厂标配系统则仅达到 Basic 水准） - 日产西玛（Nissan Maxima） - 斯巴鲁傲虎（Subaru Outback） - 沃尔沃 S60（Volvo S60）这些车型在全部三种场景的各速度测试中均实现了完全避免碰撞，或在极高速度下做到了实质性的剧烈减速。 - **未能得分（No Credit）的垫底车型**： - 福特蒙迪欧/Fusion（Ford Fusion） - 现代索纳塔（Hyundai Sonata） - 起亚远舰/Optima（Kia Optima）这三款车型在多种模拟场景中均未能有效减速，连续以危险速度撞击假人，因而无法获得任何积分认证。 - **获得 Basic（基础）评级的车型**： - 雪佛兰迈锐宝（Chevrolet Malibu）：该车型提供纯单目摄像头以及“摄像头+雷达”两种选装行人防碰撞方案，但在实际路试中两套系统的制动减速效果均十分有限，最终双双仅被评为 Basic。 ## Mentioned IIHS (美国公路安全保险协会), HLDI (公路损失数据研究所), EyeSight, Audi A4 (奥迪 A4), BMW 3 series (宝马 3 系), Mercedes-Benz C-Class (梅赛德斯-奔驰 C 级), Nissan Maxima (日产西玛), Subaru Outback (斯巴鲁傲虎), Volvo S60 (沃尔沃 S60), Ford Fusion (福特蒙迪欧), Hyundai Sonata (现代索纳塔), Kia Optima (起亚远舰), Chevrolet Malibu (雪佛兰迈锐宝) ## Video description The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety rated the pedestrian crash prevention systems of 16 midsize cars in the lead-up to Halloween, a holiday that consistently ranks among the deadliest days for pedestrians in the United States. Four luxury and two nonluxury midsize cars earn a superior rating for their pedestrian crash prevention systems, while four nonluxury cars earn only a basic rating or no credit. Another six cars earn an advanced rating. Annual pedestrian fatalities have increased 53 percent since reaching a low point in 2009. More than 6,000 pedestrians were killed in 2018. During 2013-17, the two deadliest days of the year for pedestrians on average were Oct. 31 and Nov. 1 (or after midnight on Halloween). Technology could be part of the solution. Many manufacturers are upgrading the automatic emergency braking systems they have agreed to install by 2022 to recognize pedestrians, in addition to other vehicles. These systems scan the path ahead and automatically apply the brakes to avoid hitting people in the roadway. About two-thirds of the vehicles that IIHS rates included pedestrian detection in 2019, in many cases as standard equipment. Among the vehicles evaluated in this current round of testing, pedestrian crash prevention is standard on all six luxury cars and six out of 10 nonluxury cars. When they work correctly, such systems can help avert tragedy. A 2017 Highway Loss Data Institute analysis, for instance, found that Subaru's EyeSight system with pedestrian detection cut the rate of likely pedestrian-related insurance claims by 35 percent, compared with the same vehicles without the system. Most pedestrian crash prevention systems use one or two forward-facing cameras mounted near the rearview mirror and/or radar sensors in the front grille to scan the roadway for pedestrians poised to enter the vehicle's path. Algorithms determine if the detected objects are pedestrians. In some cases, they can recognize bicyclists or animals too. If the software calculates that a collision is imminent, it alerts the driver and applies the brakes faster than a human can react. The performance of the systems varies widely, the latest IIHS ratings show.The Audi A4, BMW 3 series, Mercedes-Benz C-Class, Nissan Maxima, Subaru Outback and Volvo S60 have systems that earn superior ratings. They avoided collisions or slowed substantially in track tests. At the other end of the spectrum, the Ford Fusion, Hyundai Sonata and Kia Optima earn no credit because they failed to slow significantly in multiple scenarios. The C-Class, 3 series and Chevrolet Malibu each offer two different pedestrian crash prevention systems. On the C-Class, the optional system earns a superior rating, while the standard one earns a basic rating. On the 3 series, the standard system surprisingly earns a higher rating of superior, while the more costly optional system earns an advanced rating. Both of the Malibu's optional systems — a camera only and a camera plus radar — earn basic ratings. About the tests IIHS launched its pedestrian ratings in February. In the first round of testing, four out of 11 small SUVs earned a superior rating, while another five earned an advanced rating. IIHS tests performance in three scenarios: an adult pedestrian stepping into the street in the path of the oncoming vehicle with an unobstructed view, a child darting into the street from behind two parked cars, and an adult pedestrian near the side of the road in the travel lane, facing away from traffic. The two perpendicular tests are conducted at 12 and 25 miles per hour, and the test simulating a pedestrian walking in a parallel path to the vehicle is conducted at 25 and 37 mph. In each of these tests, the system has 1 or 2 seconds to stop the car to avoid hitting the pedestrian dummy. Each test is performed in full daylight on dry pavement. Systems might not perform as well during the nighttime hours that account for most pedestrian fatalities, though if paired with good-performing headlights, they should be able to detect pedestrians. Pedestrian crash prevention ratings for midsize cars: SUPERIOR 2019 Audi A4 2019-20 BMW 3 series 2020 Subaru Outback 2019-20 Mercedes-Benz C-Class* 2019-20 Nissan Maxima (optional for 2019/standard for 2020) 2019 Volvo S60 ADVANCED 2019-20 BMW 3 series* 2019-20 Honda Accord 2019-20 Lexus ES 350 2019 Mazda 6 2019-20 Nissan Altima 2019-20 Tesla Model 3 2019-20 Toyota Camry BASIC 2019-20 Chevrolet Malibu* 2019-20 Mercedes-Benz C-Class NO CREDIT 2019-20 Ford Fusion 2019 Hyundai Sonata* 2019 Kia Optima* * Optional safety pack [Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgUiZgX5rE)

Original transcript

[0:00] *thud* - Thank you. - *Bell rings* *Piano* *Painful music* *thud* *crickets* *crickets* Thank you. Thank you. *throws up* Thank you. *thud* Thank you. *Slow-Owner* you *Painful music* Thank you. I'm going to go. *Painless noise* I'm going to go. you *Bell rings* *Painful* Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. you Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. *Bad music* Thank you. *music* [5:00] Thank you. *Painful Music* *Loud noise* *clap* Bye. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.