UK Banks Shift £192M Daily to Richest 10% via Debt Creation

Positive Money UK

Commercial banks generate 97% of the money supply as debt, forcing the bottom 90% of the population to pay £192 million daily in interest that concentrates wealth among the richest 10%.

AI-assisted summary of Inequality: Why are the rich getting richer? — original source. Check the original for full context.

Source published: 2013-08-02

Key ideas

Contrary to the trickle-down economic theory, modern money creation systematically funnels wealth upward into the hands of a small financial elite. (0:00)
Commercial banks create 97% of the circulating money supply electronically out of nothing as debt, meaning that virtually no money would exist without borrowing. (0:00)
The UK population pays commercial banks roughly £192 million per day in interest just to rent the medium of exchange required for economic activity. (1:17)
Because debt is held by the bottom 90% while financial assets reside with the top 10%, interest obligations serve as a structural engine redistributing wealth upward. (1:17)

Detailed notes

## Background Published on YouTube by Positive Money UK on August 2, 2013, this animated explainer examines the structural causes of rising economic inequality. The video and accompanying description argue that because 97% of the UK money supply is created as debt by commercial banks, the financial system inherently redistributes wealth from the bottom 90% of the population to the top 10% through continuous interest payments.

## TL;DR The video dismantles the traditional 'trickle-down' economic theory by revealing that modern money creation actively siphons wealth upward rather than dispersing it downward. Because commercial banks create 97% of circulating money electronically out of thin air when issuing loans, virtually all money in the economy exists as debt carrying interest obligations. In the UK, the public pays £192 million per day in interest, funneling wealth from the indebted bottom 90% to the top 10% who own the banking and financial assets. To halt this widening divide, Positive Money advocates stripping private banks of money creation powers and transitioning to a system where money is created debt-free by a public body for the productive economy.

## Atmosphere & style The presentation carries an urgent, demystifying, and sharply critical tone delivered through clear, accessible narration and brisk educational pacing. It breaks down complex macroeconomic mechanics with eye-opening clarity, creating a palpable sense of injustice as the listener realizes that everyday economic participation forces society to 'rent' its currency from private lenders. The overall feeling is intellectually empowering yet sobering, transforming abstract economic frustrations into a concrete, structural indictment of private debt issuance.

## Bulletin - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) Contrary to the trickle-down economic theory, modern money creation systematically funnels wealth upward into the hands of a small financial elite. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) Commercial banks create 97% of the circulating money supply electronically out of nothing as debt, meaning that virtually no money would exist without borrowing. - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) The UK population pays commercial banks roughly £192 million per day in interest just to rent the medium of exchange required for economic activity. - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) Because debt is held by the bottom 90% while financial assets reside with the top 10%, interest obligations serve as a structural engine redistributing wealth upward.

## Key takeaways - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) The traditional trickle-down narrative is an illusion, masking a system that actively draws wealth away from the majority into a concentrated minority. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) Commercial banks do not lend out preexisting depositor savings; they manufacture brand-new electronic money simply by typing numbers into borrower accounts. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) Around 97% of all money in modern circulation is brought into existence as private debt issued by commercial banks. - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) The circulating money supply is tethered entirely to private debt, meaning the economy would possess almost no money if borrowing ceased. - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) Society is forced to rent its medium of exchange from private financial institutions, attaching interest obligations to nearly every pound in use. - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) UK residents collectively pay commercial banks an estimated £192 million in interest payments every single day. - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) Debt obligations are overwhelmingly carried by the bottom 90% of the population, whereas banking ownership and financial capital belong to the top 10%. - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) Ongoing debt-servicing transfers enormous volumes of purchasing power upward, widening the economic divide between the rich and the rest of society. - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) Wealth inequality cannot be permanently solved as long as society remains dependent on renting debt-based money from commercial banks. - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) Monetary reformers advocate ending private money creation and empowering a public body to issue sovereign, debt-free money directly into the productive economy.

## Detailed walkthrough ### [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) The Trickle-Down Myth and How Money is Actually Created

The gap between the wealthiest individuals and the rest of society continues to widen, challenging the long-standing economic dogma used to justify extreme inequality. A prevalent cultural belief holds that when a tiny minority accumulates massive fortunes, the broader public benefits because that wealth allegedly trickles down to everyone else. The narrator forcefully dismantles this premise: “In reality, money is sucked up from all of us in to the pockets of a very small group of people.”

```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: Bank Money Creation Process accDescr: Diagram showing how commercial banks create new electronic money through loans rather than lending existing savings.

subgraph PublicBelief["Common Misconception"] S["Depositor Savings"] -->|"Lent out"| L1["Bank Loan"] end

subgraph Reality["Actual Mechanism"] B["Commercial Bank"] -->|"Types digits into account"| M["New Electronic Money (97%)"] M -->|"Creates simultaneous"| D["Public Debt"] end ```

The underlying engine driving this upward extraction is the architecture of modern money creation. While the general public widely assumes that banks act merely as intermediaries lending out existing customer deposits or savings, this is an illusion. When a borrower takes out a loan, commercial banks do not transfer existing funds; rather, they generate brand-new money electronically simply by typing ledger figures into the borrower's account. In modern economies, a staggering 97% of all circulating money is brought into existence through this precise mechanism of commercial bank lending. Consequently, the volume of money in circulation is tethered directly to the total volume of private debt: more loans mean more debt, which in turn means more money. As the narrator observes, “The shocking fact is that if nobody went into debt, there would be almost no money in the economy.”

- **The trickle-down narrative:** Widely promoted as beneficial to everyone, but operates in reverse by pulling money upward. - **The reality of bank lending:** Banks do not lend out savings; they create purchasing power out of nothing via computer entries. - **Money supply composition:** 97% of the entire money supply is issued electronically as bank debt.

---

[01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) Debt-Based Money, Daily Interest, and the Upward Wealth Transfer

Because nearly the entire money supply comes into being as debt, every single pound in circulation carries an attached interest obligation that someone in the economy must continuously service. Society is effectively forced to rent the medium of exchange required to conduct everyday economic activity directly from private commercial banks. This structural dependency imposes a crushing financial toll: across the UK alone, the population collectively pays commercial banks £192 million in interest every single day.

```mermaid flowchart LR accTitle: Upward Redistribution of Wealth via Bank Interest accDescr: Flowchart illustrating how debt interest transfers wealth from the bottom 90 percent to the top 10 percent.

subgraph Borrowers["Debt Holders"] B90["Bottom 90% of Population"] end

subgraph FinancialSystem["Banking System"] INT["£192 Million / Day in Interest Payments"] end

subgraph WealthHolders["Asset Owners"] T10["Top 10% Wealthiest"] end

B90 -->|"Pay interest on loans"| INT INT -->|"Concentrates profits and assets"| T10 ```

This dynamic acts as a permanent pump transferring capital upwards because indebtedness and wealth are starkly divided across society. Debt is disproportionately concentrated among the bottom 90% of the population, whereas financial wealth and bank ownership reside primarily within the top 10%. As a direct result, servicing interest transfers immense streams of income from the lower 90% to the wealthiest 10%, relentlessly vacuuming wealth away from ordinary people into the hands of a fortunate few. The narrator warns that this structural inequality cannot resolve itself within the existing framework: “So as long as we have to rent the money we use from the banks that create it, we'll have to keep paying this huge interest bill, and the gap between the richest and the rest of us will keep increasing.”

To solve this systemic defect, Positive Money advocates an alternative model where money creation is uncoupled from debt. Instead of leaving the money supply entirely dependent on commercial bank credit, a public body should create money debt-free and spend it directly into the real economy. By replacing private bank debt with publicly created sovereign money, society could halt the endless cycle of borrowing, slash systemic debt burdens, and stop the economic divide between the rich and the rest of the world from growing ever larger.

- **Daily interest bill:** UK citizens collectively pay £192 million per day in interest to private banks. - **Upward distribution mechanics:** Interest transfers purchasing power from the bottom 90% who carry the debts to the top 10% who control the financial assets. - **Proposed reform:** Strip commercial banks of money-creation privileges and empower an independent public body to create money debt-free and spend it directly into the productive economy.

## Notable quotes > [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) The shocking fact is that if nobody went into debt, there would be almost no money in the economy.

> [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) So as long as we have to rent the money we use from the banks that create it, we'll have to keep paying this huge interest bill, and the gap between the richest and the rest of us will keep increasing.

## Mentioned Positive Money UK, City of London, Amara, Andrew Piper, HE Animation

## Video description http://www.positivemoney.org/issues/inequality/ Our money system guarantees that inequality will get worse -- Here is the evidence: http://ow.ly/qbCdr

1. The current money system distributes money from the bottom 90% to the top 10%

Because 97% of the money in the UK is created by banks, someone must pay interest on nearly every pound in the circulation. This interest redistributes money from the bottom 90% of the population to the very top 10%. The bottom 90% of the UK pays more interest to banks that they ever receive from them, which results in a redistribution of income from the bottom 90% of the population to the top 10%. Collectively we pay £165m every day in interest on personal loans alone (not including mortgages), and a total of £213bn a year in interest on all our debts.

2. It transfers money from the real economy to the banks

Businesses are also in a similar situation. The 'real' (non-financial), productive economy needs money to function, but because all money is created as debt, that sector also has to pay interest to the banks in order to function. This means that the real-economy businesses - shops, offices, factories etc -- end up subsidising the banking sector.

3. It transfers money from the rest of the UK to the City of London

Banks pay their staff out of their profits, which in large part comes from the interest they charge on loans. Because most of the high earning bank staff work in the City of London, this results in a geographic transfer of wealth from the UK to those working in the City of London.

4. The instability that the system causes means that temporary and low-paid jobs are insecure

When banks cause a financial crisis it leads to unemployment. It tends to be low-paid and temporary contract workers who are the first to get made redundant first, so that instability in the economy has a bigger effect on those on low incomes with insecure jobs.

5. High house prices increase inequality

When house prices are pushed up by banks creating money, those on low incomes suffer the most. People on low incomes often can't get a mortgage big enough to buy a house, so they don't benefit from the rise in house prices. Meanwhile, those who can get access to mortgages can buy multiple houses for buy-to-let and benefit from artificial inflation in house prices. Younger people also lose out, as the cost of buying their first house swallows an ever larger amount of their income, while older and retired people who own houses benefit. This all increases inequality across different income groups and between the young and old.

Help us change the money system!

Our debt-based money system is fuelling inequality. By taking the power to create money away from banks, we can reduce inequality and make the economy more stable. http://www.positivemoney.org/issues/inequality/ -------------------------- SUBSCRIBE to Positive Money UK's videos: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=PositiveMoneyUK

Like us on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/PositiveMoney Follow us on Twitter http://www.twitter.com/PositiveMoneyUK Follow us on Google+ http://www.positivemoney.org.uk/googleplus

Positive Money is a not-for-profit research and campaign group. They work to raise awareness of the connections between our current monetary and banking system and the serious social, economic and ecological problems that face the UK and the world today. In particular they focus on the role of banks in creating the nation's money supply through the accounting process they use when they make loans - an aspect of banking which is poorly understood. Positive Money believe these fundamental flaws are at the root of - or a major contributor to - problems of poverty, excessive debt, growing inequality and environmental degradation. For more information, please visit: http://www.positivemoney.org/

Narration: http://www.andrew-piper.com Animation: http://www.heanimation.com ---------------------------- Help us translate this video on Amara: http://bit.ly/17xdgwP

Help us caption & translate this video!

http://amara.org/v/Cdxd/

[Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY)

中文简报

英国银行通过债务创造每日向最富有的10%群体输送1.92亿英镑商业银行以债务形式创造了97%的货币供应，迫使底层90%的人口每日支付1.92亿英镑利息，导致财富向最富有的10%人群集中。该视频揭露了现代货币创造实际上是在主动将财富向上抽吸而非向下分散，从而瓦解了传统的“滴漏”经济学理论。由于商业银行在发放贷款时凭空以电子方式创造了97%的流通货币，经济中几乎所有货币都作为附带利息义务的债务而存在。在英国，公众每天支付1.92亿英镑利息，将财富从负债的底层90%人群输送给拥有银行和金融资产的前10%人群。为了遏制这种日益扩大的差距，“积极货币”（Positive Money）组织主张剥夺私人银行的货币创造权，并过渡到由公共机构为实体生产经济创造无债货币的体系。与滴漏经济学理论相反，现代货币创造系统性地将财富向上输送至少数金融精英手中。 (0:00) 商业银行以电子方式凭空创造了97%的流通货币供应作为债务，这意味着如果没有借贷，几乎就不存在货币。 (0:00) 英国民众每天向商业银行支付约1.92亿英镑的利息，仅用于租用经济活动所需的交换媒介。 (1:17) 由于债务由底层90%的人口承担，而金融资产归前10%的人口所有，利息义务成为了推动财富向上再分配的结构性引擎。 (1:17)

Reading summary

Positive Money UK argues that growing economic inequality is structurally driven by the commercial banking system, which creates most money as interest-bearing debt that funnels wealth upward. The Reality of Debt-Based Money Creation (0:00) According to the presentation, the standard trickle-down narrative—claiming wealth at the top naturally benefits society at large—is fundamentally flawed. Instead of wealth trickling down, purchasing power is extracted upward due to the foundational architecture of the monetary system. Commercial Banks and the Money Supply (0:00) Contrary to the widespread belief that banks intermediate existing savings, commercial banks create new electronic money out of nothing when issuing loans. In modern economies, 97% of circulating money is brought into existence via bank lending, meaning the money supply is directly dependent on public indebtedness. Interest Payments as an Upward Wealth Pump (1:17) Because money enters circulation tethered to debt, society must constantly service interest simply to maintain a medium of exchange. In the UK, the public pays commercial banks £192 million in interest each day. Because debt burdens fall predominantly on the bottom 90% while financial assets and bank ownership are concentrated in the top 10%, interest payments act as a structural pump transferring wealth to the richest tier. Replacing Bank Debt with Debt-Free Money (1:17) To end this structural upward transfer, Positive Money proposes decoupling money creation from debt. Under this reform, commercial banks' money-creation powers would be replaced by an independent public body tasked with creating debt-free money and spending it directly into the productive economy. The campaign concludes that wealth inequality will continue to widen as long as the public is forced to rent the circulating money supply from private lenders through debt.

精炼阅读摘要

英国政策倡导组织 Positive Money 指出，所谓富人财富会自动向下渗透惠及全社会的“下渗理论”是一种误导性神话；在现行货币体系下，绝大多数货币由商业银行通过借贷凭空创造，这迫使大众持续支付巨额利息，从而在结构上将财富自下而上反向抽取至少数富人阶层。商业银行信贷造币打破下渗神话 (0:00) 社会长期流传一种经济学观点，认为少数人积累巨额财富最终会惠及广大公众，但 Positive Money 的讲述者明确反驳了这一假设，指出财富实际上正在从大众口袋中被持续逆向吸入少数人体内。这种财富逆流的核心驱动力在于现代货币创造的底层结构。公众通常误以为商业银行只是金融中介，负责将储户存入的现有储蓄借给借款人，但事实并非如此。在现代经济体中，当借款人申请贷款时，商业银行并不是转移已有资金，而是直接在计算机账户中输入数字，凭空生成全新的电子货币。流通中高达 97% 的货币全部是通过商业银行发放贷款而凭空产生的。这意味着货币供应总量与私人债务规模完全绑定：贷款增加意味着债务攀升，并同步创造出新货币。若社会上无人背负债务，整个经济体系中将几乎没有任何流通货币。每日巨额利息驱动财富向上抽取 (1:17) 由于流通中的几乎所有货币均以债务形式诞生，每一英镑在发行时都捆绑着必须偿付的利息义务。全社会实际上不得不向创造货币的私营商业银行“租用”日常交易所必需的流通媒介。这种依赖关系带来了沉重的财务负担，仅在英国，普通大众每天需要向商业银行支付高达 1.92 亿英镑的巨额利息。更为关键的是，债务与财富在社会阶层中的分布呈现出极度不均的极化状态。债务绝大部分集中在底层 90% 的人口身上，而金融资产与银行的所有权却高度集中在顶层 10% 的最富裕群体中。因此，庞大的利息偿付形成了一个永久性的逆向抽水机，每天源源不断地将底层 90% 人口的收入转移至顶层 10% 手中。讲述者警告称，只要大众仍然被迫向私营银行租用货币并支付高昂利息，贫富分化的鸿沟就会在现有框架下不可逆转地持续扩大。设立公共机构实行无债发行的改革主张 (1:17) 针对现有货币架构带来的系统性不平等，Positive Money 认为无法在既有机制内自我修正，并提出必须将货币创造与债务彻底解绑。该机构主张剥夺商业银行创造货币的特权，转由公共机构承担这一职责。在该提议的模型中，独立的公共机构将负责发行无债务负担的主权货币，并将资金直接投入实体经济与生产性领域。通过以公共无债货币替代商业银行的私人信贷债务，社会能够终结无休止借贷以维持货币供给的恶性循环，大幅减轻系统性债务负担，进而从根源上遏制财富向少数人集聚的扩张趋势。 Positive Money 的分析强调，贫富差距的加剧是由以债务为基础的银行造币机制内生决定的，而非单纯的市场分配不均。如果不能打破私营银行对货币发行的垄断并终止高额利息转移，任何遏制不平等的努力都将受到根本制约；其诉求核心在于通过公共无债造币来重构财富流动的底层规则。

Detailed notes — zh

## Background 该视频由非营利研究与倡导组织 Positive Money UK 于 2013 年 8 月 2 日发布在 YouTube 平台上。视频简介指出，当前由银行创造货币的债务体系是导致贫富不平等持续恶化的核心根源，并通过转移底层财富、压榨实体经济以及推高房价等机制加剧社会鸿沟，进而呼吁公众支持货币改革。 ## TL;DR 视频首先打破了所谓的“滴漏理论”，指出财富并非向下渗透，而是在被持续抽吸到极少数富人手中。其核心原因在于现代经济中多达 97% 的货币都是商业银行在发放贷款时凭空电子记账创造的，导致全社会实质上是在向银行“租借”货币。由于债务主要由社会底层 90% 的人口承担，他们每天需向银行支付庞大的利息，使财富源源不断地向顶层 10% 集中。对此，Positive Money 呼吁取消商业银行的造币特权，改由不受私人利益驱使的公共机构创造并投放货币，从根源上减轻全社会债务负担并缩小贫富差距。 ## Atmosphere & style 整部动画短片节奏紧凑清晰、说理层层递进，充溢着启蒙性的批判锋芒与公共倡导的紧迫感。旁白配音沉稳笃定，以深入浅出的方式将复杂的现代银行记账机制化繁为简，毫不留情地揭穿了传统经济学中关于货币与财富流动的神话。从揭示普通大众背负利息沉疴的沉重现实，到最后转向推动体制改革的有力呼吁，整个观赏体验令人警醒深思且充满行动感召力。 ## Bulletin - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) “滴漏理论”被证实为神话，现实中的财富并没有向下渗透，反而在从普通大众口袋持续流向极少数顶层群体。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) 现代经济体中高达97%的货币是由商业银行在发放贷款时通过电子记账直接凭空创造的，流通货币本质上都是债务。 - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) 债务货币机制迫使全社会向银行“租借”流动性，仅英国民众每天就需支付高达1.92亿英镑的巨额利息，成为底层向顶层转移财富的管道。 - [02:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=137s) Positive Money主张改革现有债务货币体系，将造币权交还公共机构并直接投入实体经济，从根本上缓解贫富差距。 ## Key takeaways - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) 极少数富人与大众之间的贫富差距持续拉大，所谓的“滴漏理论”（Trickle-down theory）在现实中完全破灭。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) 普通人普遍误以为银行贷款来源于其他储户的存款积蓄，但实际情况并非如此。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) 商业银行发放贷款时，只需在借款人账户中输入数字，即可凭空创造出新的电子货币。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) 经济体系中高达97%的货币供应均由商业银行通过借贷以电子货币的形式生成。 - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) 由于几乎所有流通货币均以债务形式存在，如果社会各界都不背负债务，经济体系中将几乎没有任何可用货币。 - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) 每一英镑的创造都伴随着利息支出，全社会实际上是在被迫向商业银行付费“租借”日常流通的货币。 - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) 英国全社会每天需要向商业银行支付高达1.92亿英镑的庞大利息账单。 - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) 绝大部分债务由底层90%的人口承担，而资产和利息收入主要流向顶层10%的富裕群体与银行股东。 - [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) 利息支付机制充当了财富逆向抽吸的泵机，只要依赖私人银行借贷创造货币，贫富鸿沟就会不可避免地持续恶化。 - [02:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=137s) 货币的创造并不必然依赖于商业银行的债务发行，存在替代性的公共货币发行路径。 - [02:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=137s) 倡议剥夺商业银行凭空造币的特权，转由公共机构发行法定货币并直接注入实体经济，以终结债务驱动的不平等。 ## Detailed walkthrough ### [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) 贫富差距扩大的根源与“滴漏理论”的破灭当前，极少数最富有人群与其他大众之间的贫富差距正在变得越来越大。社会上长期存在一种普遍观念，认为极少数人赚取巨额财富对所有人都有益，即所谓的“滴漏理论”（trickle-down theory）——认为富人积累的财富最终会像水一样层层渗透并惠及社会底层。然而解说者明确指出这纯属神话，现实情况恰恰相反：金钱并没有向下渗透，而是一直在从普通大众的口袋中被抽吸到极少数人的手中。造成这种财富集中现象的一个核心原因，在于现代货币的创造方式。在当下的经济体系中，绝大多数普通人误以为银行发放贷款时，贷出的是其他储户存入银行的积蓄。解说者强调事实并非如此：“Instead when somebody takes out a loan, banks create new money electronically, by typing numbers in to their account.”（解说者指出：“相反，当有人申请贷款时，银行只是通过在其账户中输入数字，以电子方式创造出了新的货币。”） - 现实中几乎所有流通货币都是由商业银行通过发放贷款直接凭空创造的。 - 整个经济体中多达 97% 的货币都是通过人们向银行借贷以这种电子记账的形式生成的。 - 借贷越多，产生的债务就越多，流通中的货币量也随之膨胀；反之，解说者揭示了一个令人震惊的现实：“The shocking fact is that if nobody went into debt, there would be almost no money in the economy.”（解说者强调：“令人震惊的事实是，如果所有人都不背负债务，整个经济体系中几乎将没有任何货币。”） ### [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) 债务货币机制与利息导致的财富逆向转移由于现代经济运转所依赖的电子货币完全是通过借贷凭空产生的，这就带来了一个不可避免的代价：每被创造出的一英镑，都必须由某人在某个地方为其支付利息。实际上，全社会为了维持经济运转，正在变相向商业银行“租借”本应流通的货币。这一机制导致了庞大的财富抽吸效应。仅在英国本土，所有人每天合计需要向银行支付高达 1.92 亿英镑的巨额利息。更为严重的是，这些债务绝大部分由社会底层 90% 的人口背负，而资产与财富却绝大多数集中在顶层 10% 的富人群体手中。每天支付的巨额利息，本质上是将底层 90% 人口的财富源源不断地输送并转移给顶层 10% 的极少数人，进一步拉大了不平等。解说者直言：“So as long as we have to rent the money we use from the banks that create it, we'll have to keep paying this huge interest bill, and the gap between the richest and the rest of us will keep increasing.”（解说者指出：“因此，只要我们还必须从创造货币的银行那里租借我们所使用的货币，我们就不得不持续支付这笔庞大的利息账单，而最富有人群与我们其他人之间的差距就将不断扩大。”） ```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: 债务货币系统的财富转移机制 accDescr: 展示银行创造货币、产生债务并迫使底层向顶层转移利息的过程 subgraph S1["货币生成与借贷"] A["商业银行凭空记账创造货币"] -->|"发放贷款产生 97% 货币"| B["社会各界背负债务"] end subgraph S2["利息支付与财富集中"] B -->|"底层 90% 人群承担主要债务"| C["全社会每日支付 1.92 亿英镑利息"] C -->|"利息财富逆向抽吸"| D["顶层 10% 财富持有者与银行股东"] end ``` ### [02:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=137s) 改革倡议：剥夺银行造币特权并由公共机构发行为了打破贫富差距不断恶化的死循环，Positive Money 提出了系统性的货币改革方案。解说者指出，创造货币并不必然需要依赖全社会向商业银行借贷这一条路径。他们主张改变现有的债务货币体系，将货币创造的权力交还给公共部门，由不受私人利益驱使的公共机构来创造法定货币，并直接通过财政开支将其投入实体经济，从而避免社会必须通过向私人银行借贷才能获取流通资金。解说者阐明了改革的核心诉求：“We want to see money created by a public body and spent into the economy, so that we don't have to borrow all of the money we need from banks.”（解说者呼吁：“我们希望看到货币由公共机构创造并直接投入经济运行，这样我们就不必从商业银行借贷我们所需的所有货币。”）这一转变将显著减轻全社会的债务负担，从根源上遏制并缩小不断扩大的贫富鸿沟。Positive Money 号召观众访问其官方网站注册支持并转发分享该视频，共同推动货币体系的制度变革。 ## Notable quotes > [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) 令人震惊的事实是，如果所有人都不背负债务，整个经济体系中几乎将没有任何货币。 — 解说者 > [01:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=77s) 只要我们还必须从创造货币的银行那里租借我们所使用的货币，我们就不得不持续支付这笔庞大的利息账单，而最富有人群与我们其他人之间的差距就将不断扩大。 — 解说者 > [02:17](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=137s) 我们希望看到货币由公共机构创造并直接投入经济运行，这样我们就不必从商业银行借贷我们所需的所有货币。 — 解说者 > [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY&t=0s) 当有人申请贷款时，银行只是通过在其账户中输入数字，以电子方式创造出了新的货币。 — 解说者 ## Mentioned Positive Money, 英国, 伦敦金融城, 滴漏理论, Andrew Piper ## Video description http://www.positivemoney.org/issues/inequality/ Our money system guarantees that inequality will get worse -- Here is the evidence: http://ow.ly/qbCdr 1. The current money system distributes money from the bottom 90% to the top 10% Because 97% of the money in the UK is created by banks, someone must pay interest on nearly every pound in the circulation. This interest redistributes money from the bottom 90% of the population to the very top 10%. The bottom 90% of the UK pays more interest to banks that they ever receive from them, which results in a redistribution of income from the bottom 90% of the population to the top 10%. Collectively we pay £165m every day in interest on personal loans alone (not including mortgages), and a total of £213bn a year in interest on all our debts. 2. It transfers money from the real economy to the banks Businesses are also in a similar situation. The 'real' (non-financial), productive economy needs money to function, but because all money is created as debt, that sector also has to pay interest to the banks in order to function. This means that the real-economy businesses - shops, offices, factories etc -- end up subsidising the banking sector. 3. It transfers money from the rest of the UK to the City of London Banks pay their staff out of their profits, which in large part comes from the interest they charge on loans. Because most of the high earning bank staff work in the City of London, this results in a geographic transfer of wealth from the UK to those working in the City of London. 4. The instability that the system causes means that temporary and low-paid jobs are insecure When banks cause a financial crisis it leads to unemployment. It tends to be low-paid and temporary contract workers who are the first to get made redundant first, so that instability in the economy has a bigger effect on those on low incomes with insecure jobs. 5. High house prices increase inequality When house prices are pushed up by banks creating money, those on low incomes suffer the most. People on low incomes often can't get a mortgage big enough to buy a house, so they don't benefit from the rise in house prices. Meanwhile, those who can get access to mortgages can buy multiple houses for buy-to-let and benefit from artificial inflation in house prices. Younger people also lose out, as the cost of buying their first house swallows an ever larger amount of their income, while older and retired people who own houses benefit. This all increases inequality across different income groups and between the young and old. Help us change the money system! Our debt-based money system is fuelling inequality. By taking the power to create money away from banks, we can reduce inequality and make the economy more stable. http://www.positivemoney.org/issues/inequality/ -------------------------- SUBSCRIBE to Positive Money UK's videos: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=PositiveMoneyUK Like us on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/PositiveMoney Follow us on Twitter http://www.twitter.com/PositiveMoneyUK Follow us on Google+ http://www.positivemoney.org.uk/googleplus Positive Money is a not-for-profit research and campaign group. They work to raise awareness of the connections between our current monetary and banking system and the serious social, economic and ecological problems that face the UK and the world today. In particular they focus on the role of banks in creating the nation's money supply through the accounting process they use when they make loans - an aspect of banking which is poorly understood. Positive Money believe these fundamental flaws are at the root of - or a major contributor to - problems of poverty, excessive debt, growing inequality and environmental degradation. For more information, please visit: http://www.positivemoney.org/ Narration: http://www.andrew-piper.com Animation: http://www.heanimation.com ---------------------------- Help us translate this video on Amara: http://bit.ly/17xdgwP Help us caption & translate this video! http://amara.org/v/Cdxd/ [Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzCegQVljdY)

Source quotes

[0:00] 解说者: 令人震惊的事实是，如果所有人都不背负债务，整个经济体系中几乎将没有任何货币。 [1:17] 解说者: 只要我们还必须从创造货币的银行那里租借我们所使用的货币，我们就不得不持续支付这笔庞大的利息账单，而最富有人群与我们其他人之间的差距就将不断扩大。 [2:17] 解说者: 我们希望看到货币由公共机构创造并直接投入经济运行，这样我们就不必从商业银行借贷我们所需的所有货币。 [0:00] 解说者: 当有人申请贷款时，银行只是通过在其账户中输入数字，以电子方式创造出了新的货币。

Source quotes

[0:00] The shocking fact is that if nobody went into debt, there would be almost no money in the economy. [1:17] So as long as we have to rent the money we use from the banks that create it, we'll have to keep paying this huge interest bill, and the gap between the richest and the rest of us will keep increasing.

Original transcript

[0:00] The gap between the very richest and the rest of us is getting bigger. [0:04] Why? [0:05] A common belief is that it's good for us all if a small group of people earn an enormous [0:11] amount of money. [0:13] The theory is that their wealth trickles down to the rest of us. [0:16] But this is a myth. [0:18] In reality, money is sucked up from all of us in to the pockets of a very small group [0:24] of people. [0:27] How does this happen? [0:29] One reason is the way that money is created. [0:32] Right now, almost all of the money in our economy is created by banks when they make [0:37] loans. [0:39] Now most people assume that when banks make loans, they are lending out someone else's [0:44] savings. [0:45] But they are not. [0:47] Instead when somebody takes out a loan, banks create new money electronically, by typing [0:53] numbers in to their account. [0:55] 97% of all of the money in our economy is created in this way, as people take out loans [1:01] from banks. [1:03] The more loans people take, the more debt there is, and the more money there is. [1:09] The shocking fact is that if nobody went into debt, there would be almost no money in the [1:14] economy. [1:17] Our economy depends on the electronic money created by banks. [1:21] But because the money is created when people borrow, someone, somewhere, has to pay interest [1:27] on every pound created. [1:29] In effect we are renting the money we need to run our economy from the banks. [1:35] This means that in the UK alone, together we pay the banks £192 million in interest [1:42] every single day. [1:46] And because the debt is held mostly by the bottom 90% and wealth mostly by the top 10%, [1:53] paying this interest transfers money from the bottom 90% of the population to the very [1:58] top 10%. [2:00] It sucks wealth and income from the rest of us up to the very lucky few. [2:06] So as long as we have to rent the money we use from the banks that create it, we'll have [2:10] to keep paying this huge interest bill, and the gap between the richest and the rest of [2:14] us will keep increasing. [2:17] But there are ways to create money that don't depend on us all going into debt to the banks. [2:23] We want to see money created by a public body and spent into the economy, so that we don't [2:28] have to borrow all of the money we need from banks. [2:32] This would lead to less debt, and stop the gap between the richest and the rest of us [2:36] getting even bigger. [2:38] This is what we're campaigning for. [2:41] Join us by signing up at Positive Money and sharing this video.