Apple Shifts Macs to Intel Chips Over PowerPC Efficiency Deficit

Apple WWDC 2005-The Intel Switch Revealed — JoshuaG

JoshuaG

Apple is abandoning PowerPC for Intel microprocessors because a projected nearly fivefold performance-per-watt gap created thermal barriers that blocked future Mac notebook designs.

AI-assisted summary of Apple WWDC 2005-The Intel Switch Revealed — original source. Check the original for full context.

Source published:

Key ideas

  • Steve Jobs announces Apple's third historic architectural transition, shifting the Mac platform from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors. (0:01)
  • The primary driver of the switch is energy efficiency: Intel's roadmap promised ~70 units of performance per watt by mid-2006, compared to roughly ~15 units for PowerPC. (1:42)
  • Jobs reveals that Mac OS X had been secretly cross-compiled for both PowerPC and Intel across every release for the preceding five years as a contingency measure. (4:09)
  • The entire morning keynote presentation was hosted live on an Intel-powered Mac prototype to demonstrate immediate OS stability and high-definition media performance. (6:02)

Detailed notes

## Background Published by user JoshuaG on YouTube on May 17, 2007, this archival video captures a pivotal segment of Apple's WWDC 2005 keynote address. As described in the video details, the clip documents Steve Jobs officially announcing Apple's transition from PowerPC to Intel processors and revealing that Mac OS X had been developed for Intel silicon from its inception.

## TL;DR Steve Jobs contextualizes Apple's third major architectural shift by recounting past migrations from Motorola 68K to PowerPC and Mac OS 9 to Mac OS X before announcing the leap to Intel microprocessors. He justifies the disruption through future product needs and a decisive performance-per-watt advantage, showing that Intel projected 70 units of efficiency compared to PowerPC's 15. Jobs then shocks the audience by revealing a five-year secret internal project where every build of OS X was dual-compiled for x86 chips, capping the announcement by revealing that his entire onstage keynote was being delivered live from an Intel-powered Mac prototype.

## Atmosphere & style The presentation carries the electric, suspenseful energy of an iconic tech keynote, balancing frank admissions about unfulfilled hardware goals with triumphant showmanship. Steve Jobs commands the room with measured poise and theatrical timing, masterfully building tension before dropping the five-year 'secret double life' revelation to an awe-struck developer audience. The mood shifts from hushed curiosity to buoyant celebration as the live demo confirms the prototype's flawless performance, creating the palpable thrill of watching computer history pivot in real time.

## Bulletin - [00:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=1s) Steve Jobs announces Apple's third historic architectural transition, shifting the Mac platform from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors. - [01:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=102s) The primary driver of the switch is energy efficiency: Intel's roadmap promised ~70 units of performance per watt by mid-2006, compared to roughly ~15 units for PowerPC. - [04:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=249s) Jobs reveals that Mac OS X had been secretly cross-compiled for both PowerPC and Intel across every release for the preceding five years as a contingency measure. - [06:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=362s) The entire morning keynote presentation was hosted live on an Intel-powered Mac prototype to demonstrate immediate OS stability and high-definition media performance.

## Key takeaways - [00:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=1s) Apple had previously navigated two successful architectural transitions: moving from Motorola 68K to PowerPC in the mid-1990s, and migrating from Mac OS 9 to Mac OS X in the early 2000s. - [00:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=1s) Steve Jobs characterizes the transition from Mac OS 9 to Mac OS X as an architectural 'brain transplant' that built Apple's foundation for twenty years. - [00:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=1s) Apple officially confirms the decision to migrate all Mac hardware from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors. - [01:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=102s) Past shortcomings under PowerPC included an unfulfilled promise of a 3.0 GHz G5 desktop chip and thermal limits preventing a G5-powered PowerBook laptop. - [01:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=102s) Apple's forward-looking product concepts required hardware designs that were physically impossible to realize using the PowerPC processor roadmap. - [01:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=102s) Performance per watt was identified as the critical metric, with Intel projected to deliver a 4.6x efficiency advantage over PowerPC by mid-2006. - [01:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=102s) The planned transition schedule set the first Intel-based Macs to ship in 2006, with the full Mac lineup completing the migration by the end of 2007. - [04:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=249s) Mac OS X led a secret 'double life' for five years, adhering to strict internal rules ensuring all core software remained completely processor-independent. - [04:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=249s) A skunkworks team at Apple's Infinite Loop campus compiled every public release of Mac OS X for both Intel and PowerPC under a 'just in case' mandate. - [06:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=362s) The stage machine used by Steve Jobs to run the WWDC 2005 presentation was revealed to be an Intel-based prototype. - [06:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=362s) A live demonstration confirmed that Dashboard widgets, Mail, Safari, large photo libraries, and high-definition video playback ran natively and smoothly on Intel silicon.

## Detailed walkthrough ### [00:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=1s) Two Historic Transitions and the Shift to Intel

Steve Jobs opens a major chapter of the keynote by addressing the broader theme of technological transitions. Looking back across the history of the Mac, he explains that the platform has successfully navigated two previous monumental shifts. The first occurred roughly a decade earlier in the mid-1990s, when the architecture migrated from the Motorola 68K family to PowerPC. Although Jobs notes that he was not at Apple at the time, he praises the engineering team for doing a phenomenal job that positioned Apple well for the ensuing decade. The second transition was even more radical: moving from Mac OS 9 to Mac OS X in the early 2000s. Jobs characterizes this architectural leap as an outright “brain transplant,” emphasizing that although the names differed only by a single Roman numeral, the underlying technologies were worlds apart. In his view, that software overhaul established Apple's foundation for the subsequent twenty years.

Having established Apple's track record of bold architectural evolutions, Jobs pivots to the present, announcing that it is time to initiate a third major transition in order to keep building the best computers possible for developers and end users alike. Dispelling months of industry speculation with absolute finality, he confirms the rumors: “We are going to begin the transition from the Power PC to Intel processors.” He explains that this monumental change begins immediately for developers in attendance at the conference, while commercial hardware will reach end-user customers the following year.

- **First Transition (Mid-1990s):** Transitioned from Motorola 68K to PowerPC processors. - **Second Transition (Early 2000s):** Migrated from classic Mac OS 9 to Mac OS X. - **Third Transition (Announced 2005):** Moving from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors.

---

[01:42](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=102s) The PowerPC Roadmap and the Performance-per-Watt Equation

Anticipating skepticism about why Apple would choose to disrupt a thriving business so shortly after completing the transition to Mac OS X, Jobs confronts the hardware realities Apple faces. He directly addresses unmet expectations, reminding the audience that two years prior he had stood before them and promised a 3.0 GHz PowerPC G5 that the company ultimately could not deliver. Similarly, mobile users had long clamored for a G5-powered laptop: “I think a lot of you would like a G5 in your PowerBook and we haven’t been able to deliver that to you yet.” Yet Jobs makes it clear that past shortcomings are not the main driver; the real imperative is Apple's forward-looking product roadmap. Looking ahead into the future, Apple envisions innovative designs it simply cannot physically realize using the PowerPC roadmap.

```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: Projected Performance Per Watt Comparison accDescr: Projected performance per watt metric comparing PowerPC against Intel starting in mid-2006.

subgraph PPC["PowerPC Architecture"] P1["PowerPC Future Roadmap"] --> P2["~15 Units Performance / Watt"] end

subgraph Intel["Intel Architecture"] I1["Intel Future Roadmap"] --> I2["~70 Units Performance / Watt"] end

P2 -.->|"4.6x Efficiency Gap"| I2 ```

The decisive metric behind the migration is not merely peak clock speed, but energy efficiency—specifically performance per watt. Jobs points out that power consumption dictates thermal ceilings and form factors. When Apple projected industry roadmaps out to mid-2006 and beyond, the data left no room for debate: the PowerPC roadmap offered roughly 15 units of performance per watt, whereas Intel’s future architecture promised 70 units. Jobs lays out a measured timeline rather than an immediate flash cut: Apple will introduce its first Intel-based Macs in 2006, will have the transition mostly complete within two years, and expects to fully conclude the migration across the entire Mac line by the end of 2007.

- **Unfulfilled Targets:** The elusive 3.0 GHz PowerPC G5 desktop chip and thermal constraints preventing a G5 PowerBook. - **Efficiency Metric:** Projected performance per watt stood at ~15 units for PowerPC versus ~70 units for Intel by mid-2006 and beyond. - **Roadmap Schedule:** First Intel Macs shipping by WWDC 2006; mostly complete by WWDC 2007; fully wrapped up by year-end 2007.

---

[04:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=249s) Mac OS X's Secret Double Life and the "Just in Case" Strategy

Jobs introduces the primary engineering hurdles of the transition, the first being how to ensure that Mac OS X runs smoothly and natively on x86 processors. Setting up one of the keynote's most dramatic revelations, Jobs confesses that Apple has been preparing for this day in total secrecy for half a decade: “Mac OS 10 has been leading a secret double life for the past 5 years.” Showing an aerial slide of Apple’s Infinite Loop campus in Cupertino, he zooms in on an engineering building where dedicated internal teams had been running an skunkworks “just in case” contingency project since the operating system’s inception.

Jobs discloses that Apple maintained strict internal development rules requiring that all core software designs remain completely processor-independent. Every build and every individual release of Mac OS X over the preceding five years had been secretly cross-compiled simultaneously for both PowerPC and Intel architectures. He confirms: “And so today, for the first time, I can confirm the rumors that every release of Mac OS 10 has been compiled for both Power PC and Intel.” Because of this foresight, bringing the operating system to Intel silicon did not require starting from scratch; OS X had been intentionally cross-platform by architectural design right from day one.

- **Contingency Operation:** A dedicated team in Cupertino maintained x86 builds across five years under a strict “just in case” mandate. - **Design Philosophy:** Core OS X software designs were required to remain fully hardware- and processor-independent. - **Cross-Compilation:** Every public release of Mac OS X from 10.0 through 10.4 Tiger was compiled in parallel for both PowerPC and Intel architectures.

---

[06:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg&t=362s) Live Demonstration: Mac OS X Running on Intel Hardware

Jobs moves to prove that Mac OS X is already running smoothly on Intel silicon by pulling back the curtain on the presentation itself. He reveals to the enthusiastic audience that the demonstration computer he has been using on stage throughout the keynote morning is, in fact, an Intel-based prototype. To demonstrate system stability and day-to-day fluid performance, he puts the system through a rapid-fire series of everyday tasks, opening and animating Dashboard widgets—including the baseball tracker and calendar—and navigating fluidly between native applications like Mail and Safari.

To showcase media handling and graphics subsystem responsiveness, Jobs loads a photo library containing 4,000 images, zooming through them effortlessly. He then switches over to QuickTime to play high-definition video trailers, including Doug Liman’s *Mr. & Mrs. Smith* starring Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie, which plays flawlessly without stuttering. Concluding the live preview amid enthusiastic cheers, Jobs sums up the milestone: “So this is Mac OS 10 running on Intel processors.”

- **Stage Machine:** The entire morning keynote presentation was hosted and run live on an Intel-based Mac prototype. - **Demonstrated Applications:** Dashboard widgets, Apple Mail, Safari browsing apple.com, and an image library loaded with 4,000 photos. - **Media Playback:** High-definition movie trailer playback of *Mr. & Mrs. Smith* (directed by Doug Liman).

## Mentioned Angelina Jolie, Apple, Brad Pitt, Dashboard, Doug Liman, Infinite Loop, Intel, Mac OS 9, Mac OS X, Mail, Motorola 68K, Mr. & Mrs. Smith, PowerBook, PowerPC, PowerPC G5, QuickTime, Safari, Steve Jobs, WWDC

## Video description Here we see Steve Jobs announcing that Apple will begin using Macs with Intel processors & that Mac OS X was being built for Intel since the beginning.

[Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghdTqnYnFyg)

中文简报

因PowerPC能效不足，苹果将Mac转向英特尔芯片 由于预计近五倍的每瓦性能差距所导致的散热瓶颈阻碍了未来Mac笔记本设计，苹果正在放弃PowerPC转投英特尔微处理器。 Steve Jobs回顾了苹果从Motorola 68K向PowerPC以及从Mac OS 9向Mac OS X的历史性迁移，为苹果的第三次重大架构转型铺平道路，随后宣布转向英特尔微处理器。他以未来产品需求和决定性的每瓦性能优势作为这一变革的依据，指出英特尔预计将达到70单位的能效，而PowerPC仅为15单位。随后，Jobs透露了一项进行了五年的秘密内部项目，令全场震惊：OS X的每一个构建版本都针对x86芯片进行了双重编译。最后，他揭示自己台上的整场主题演讲都是在一台搭载英特尔芯片的Mac原型机上实时完成的，为这一发布画上圆满句号。 Steve Jobs宣布苹果迎来第三次历史性架构转型，将Mac平台从PowerPC转向英特尔微处理器。 (0:01) 促成这一转变的主要原因是能效：英特尔的路线图承诺到2006年中期实现约70单位的每瓦性能，而PowerPC仅约为15单位。 (1:42) Jobs透露，作为一项应急措施，在过去的五年中，Mac OS X的每一个版本都在秘密地针对PowerPC和英特尔进行了双向交叉编译。 (4:09) 整场上午的主题演讲都是在一台搭载英特尔芯片的Mac原型机上实时进行的，旨在展示该操作系统目前的稳定性以及高清媒体性能。 (6:02)

Reading summary

At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would transition the Mac platform from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors, arguing that Intel's superior performance-per-watt roadmap was critical to realizing future Mac hardware designs. Architectural Precedents for a Third Platform Transition (0:01) Jobs framed the shift to Intel as the third major architectural leap in the Mac's history. The first occurred in the mid-1990s when Apple migrated from the Motorola 68K processor family to PowerPC, which Jobs credited with securing the platform's viability for a decade. The second transition involved replacing Mac OS 9 with Mac OS X in the early 2000s, an overhaul Jobs described as an architectural 'brain transplant' that established Apple's software foundation for the subsequent twenty years. Positioning the Intel shift within this historical continuum, Jobs confirmed persistent industry rumors by stating that Apple was moving from PowerPC to Intel microprocessors. The transition was scheduled to begin immediately for developers attending the conference, with the first commercial consumer hardware slated to ship the following year. Thermal Limits and the Performance-per-Watt Disparity (1:42) To justify the disruption, Jobs addressed unmet hardware expectations under the PowerPC architecture. Apple had previously failed to fulfill a promised 3.0 GHz PowerPC G5 desktop processor and remained unable to deploy a G5 chip inside the PowerBook laptop line due to severe thermal constraints. Jobs maintained that future product concepts could not physically materialize on PowerPC's technical trajectory. Apple's internal evaluations established that thermal limitations made energy efficiency—measured in performance per watt—the primary architectural metric. Projections through mid-2006 and beyond indicated that PowerPC would deliver approximately 15 units of performance per watt compared to roughly 70 units anticipated from Intel's architecture. Based on this roughly 4.6-fold projected efficiency advantage, Jobs presented a phased migration timeline: initial Intel-based Macs would ship by WWDC 2006, the transition would be largely complete by WWDC 2007, and the entire product lineup would fully conclude the shift by the end of 2007. Mac OS X's Five-Year Cross-Compilation Strategy (4:09) Addressing the software challenge of running natively on x86 processors, Jobs revealed that Apple had been secretly preparing for a processor shift for five years. Under a skunkworks contingency project operated out of Apple's Infinite Loop campus in Cupertino, engineering teams adhered to strict development rules requiring core Mac OS X designs to remain completely processor-independent. As a consequence of this strategy, Jobs confirmed that every public build of Mac OS X from version 10.0 through version 10.4 Tiger had been cross-compiled simultaneously for both PowerPC and Intel architectures. This built-in hardware independence allowed Apple to transition its primary operating system without rewriting core code from scratch. Live Demonstration of Prototype Intel Hardware (6:02) To demonstrate that Mac OS X was already functional and stable on x86 silicon, Jobs disclosed that the entire morning keynote presentation was hosted live on an Intel-based Mac prototype. He walked through standard desktop workloads, opening Dashboard widgets and navigating between Mail and Safari. Jobs also evaluated graphics and media subsystems on the Intel prototype, smoothly browsing a photo library containing 4,000 images and playing high-definition QuickTime video trailers, including Doug Liman's 'Mr. & Mrs. Smith'. The demonstration aimed to show that native operating system functions and media decoding operated without performance degradation on early development hardware. Apple planned to complete the migration to Intel hardware across its entire computer portfolio by the end of 2007, though the presentation focused on developer readiness and prototype performance rather than specific commercial pricing or release dates for end users.

精炼阅读摘要

史蒂夫·乔布斯（Steve Jobs）在WWDC 2005主题演讲中正式宣布，由于PowerPC架构受困于功耗瓶颈并无法支持未来的创新产品设计，Mac计算机将全面转向Intel微处理器。乔布斯透露，苹果在过去五年中一直秘密进行Mac OS X的双架构跨平台编译，为此次重大硬件转型奠定了即刻启动的基础。 历史架构演进与转向Intel的战略决策 (0:01) 乔布斯首先梳理了Mac平台历史上经历的两次重大技术转型，借此确立苹果执行激进技术迭代的长期能力。第一次转型发生于1990年代中期，苹果将底层硬件架构由Motorola 68K系列迁移至PowerPC平台；乔布斯指出，尽管自己当时并未在苹果任职，但工程团队的卓越工作为苹果随后十年的发展提供了坚实支撑。第二次则是2000年代初从Mac OS 9跨越至Mac OS X的软件变革，乔布斯将其定性为一次彻底的“大脑移植”，强调虽然命名上仅变动了一个罗马数字，但底层技术体系已截然不同，该重构奠定了苹果后续二十年的软件基石。 在确立了技术变革的历史背景后，乔布斯正式终结了业内数月以来的流言，确认苹果将启动第三次重大转型：将Mac计算机的微处理器全面从PowerPC迁移至Intel平台。按照规划，这一架构转向在开发者大会当天立即面向参会开发者启动，而面向终端消费者的商业化硬件设备则定于次年正式进入市场。 能效瓶颈与每瓦性能的长期路线图对比 (1:42) 面对为何在Mac OS X刚刚成熟后就打乱业务体系的疑问，乔布斯坦承了硬件交付层面的现实困境。他提及两年前自己曾向用户承诺推出3.0 GHz主频的PowerPC G5桌面芯片，但苹果最终未能兑现；同时，大量移动端用户期盼的高性能G5 PowerBook笔记本电脑，也因芯片发热与功耗限制而始终无法成型。乔布斯指出，过去的落空虽是遗憾，但决定转型的核心依据是未来产品规划：苹果构想的新一代硬件创新在物理形态上根本无法依托PowerPC的演进路线来实现。 决定硬件架构取舍的关键指标并非单纯的主频峰值，而是受制于发热与机身形态的能效比，即每瓦性能（Performance-per-watt）。苹果根据产业路线图测算，在2006年年中及之后的时间节点上，PowerPC路线图仅能提供约15个单位的每瓦性能，而Intel未来的微架构路线图则承诺达到70个单位，二者存在约4.6倍的显著能效差距。基于此，乔布斯公布了具体的推进节点：首批搭载Intel处理器的Mac将于2006年WWDC前后面世，到2007年WWDC基本完成主体迁移，并在2007年年底前彻底结束对全线Mac产品的过渡。 五年秘密双轨编译与防御性工程架构 (4:09) 针对Mac OS X能否在x86架构上原生流畅运行的技术疑虑，乔布斯公开了一项持续五年的机密应急项目。他向与会者透露，Mac OS X在过去五年中实际上始终过着“秘密的双重生活”；在库比蒂诺Infinite Loop园区的工程大楼内，一支专门的团队自操作系统诞生之日起便执行着一项代号为“以防万一”（Just in Case）的内部项目。 该项目的核心规范要求Mac OS X的所有底层软件设计必须完全独立于具体的处理器架构。乔布斯确认，自Mac OS X 10.0发布至当时的10.4 Tiger，操作系统的每一个公开版本与内部构建均同时针对PowerPC与Intel双架构进行了交叉编译。得益于这种预见性的软件解耦设计，苹果将操作系统移植到Intel平台无需推倒重来，系统自始至终在架构设计上就具备跨平台的原生兼容能力。 Intel原型机实测与多媒体性能验证 (6:02) 为了证明Mac OS X已能在Intel硬件上成熟稳定运行，乔布斯在演讲现场解开了系统环境的悬念：他当天整个上午主题演讲所操作的主控演示电脑，实际上就是一台搭载Intel处理器的Mac原型机。随后，他通过一系列典型的高负载日常操作向开发者展示系统的稳定性与交互流畅度。 演示过程涵盖了系统基础组件与重度多媒体处理能力。乔布斯现场运行了Dashboard中的棒球计分器与日历等交互式小组件，并在Apple Mail与Safari浏览器（访问apple.com）之间进行多任务原生切换；随后，他加载了一个包含4,000张高分辨率照片的媒体库并实施平滑缩放，最后通过QuickTime无卡顿地播放了由道格·里曼（Doug Liman）执导、布拉德·皮特与安吉丽娜·朱莉主演的高清电影预告片《史密斯夫妇》（Mr. & Mrs. Smith），以此向现场展示图形子系统与多媒体解码能力。 乔布斯在此次演讲中确立了苹果从PowerPC向Intel转型的技术必然性与时间表，并以此作为破解便携设备能耗瓶颈的关键举措；然而，演讲主要聚焦于苹果自身系统工程的准备就绪，对于广大第三方软件开发商的适配成本以及存量软件生态如何平稳过渡至新架构，仍留待后续实际落地中检验。

Original transcript

[0:01] Now let's go to a big topic, [0:05] transitions. [0:07] Let's talk about transitions. The Mac in [0:10] its history has had two major [0:13] transitions so far, right? The first one [0:18] 68K [0:20] to Power PC. And that transition [0:23] happened about 10 years ago in the mid [0:25] 90s. I wasn't here then, but the team [0:28] then did a great job from everything I [0:29] hear. And the Power PC, [0:33] the Power PC set Apple up for the next [0:36] decade. It was a good move. [0:40] The second major transition though has [0:42] been even bigger, and that's the [0:44] transition from OS9 to OS10 that we just [0:49] finished a few years ago. The early part [0:51] of this decade, this was a brain [0:53] transplant. And even though these [0:56] operating systems vary in name only by [0:58] one, they are worlds apart in their [1:01] technology. OS 10 is the most advanced [1:04] operating system on the planet, and it [1:06] has set Apple up for the next 20 years. [1:10] Today, it's time to begin a third [1:14] transition. [1:15] We want to constantly be making the best [1:18] computers for you and the rest of our [1:21] users. And so it's time for a third [1:23] transition. And yes, it's true. [1:29] We are going to begin the transition [1:31] from the Power PC to Intel processors. [1:36] And we are going to begin it for you now [1:38] and for our customers next year. [1:42] Now, why are we going to do this? Right? [1:48] Didn't we just get through going from [1:49] OS9 to OS 10? Isn't the business great [1:52] right now? Why do we want another [1:54] transition? Because we want to be making [1:56] the best computers for our customer [1:58] looking forward. Now, I stood up here [2:01] two years ago in front of you and I [2:03] promised you this [2:06] and we haven't been able to deliver that [2:07] to you yet. [2:11] I think a lot of you would like a G5 in [2:12] your PowerBook and we haven't been able [2:14] to deliver that to you yet. But these [2:16] aren't even the most important reasons. [2:19] The most important reasons are that as [2:21] we look ahead, though we have great [2:24] products right now and we've got some [2:27] great Power PC products still yet to [2:29] come, as we look ahead, we can envision [2:32] some amazing products we want to build [2:34] for you. And we don't know how to build [2:36] them with the future Power PC roadmap. [2:40] And that's why we're going to do this. [2:42] When we look at Intel, they've got great [2:45] performance, yes, but they've got [2:47] something else that's very important to [2:49] us. Just as important as performance is [2:52] power consumption. And the way we look [2:54] at it is performance per watt. For one [2:57] watt of power, how much performance do [2:59] you get? And when we look at the future [3:01] road maps projected out mid 2006 and [3:04] beyond, what we see is the power PC [3:07] gives us sort of 15 units of performance [3:09] per watt, but the Intel road map in the [3:12] future gives us 70. [3:15] And so this tells us what we have to do. [3:20] Now this is not going to be a transition [3:22] that happens overnight. It's going to [3:24] happen over a period of a few years. [3:26] Again, we've got great products right [3:29] now and we've got some great Power PC [3:31] products in the pipeline yet to to be [3:33] introduced, but starting next year, we [3:36] will begin introducing Macs with Intel [3:39] processors in them. And over time, this [3:42] transition will occur. So, when we meet [3:44] here again this time next year, our plan [3:48] is to be shipping Macs with Intel [3:50] processors by then. [3:52] And when we meet here again two years [3:54] from now, our plan is that the [3:56] transition will be mostly complete and [3:58] we think it will be complete by the end [4:00] of 2007. So this is a 2-year transition. [4:07] So [4:09] first transition [4:11] 68K to Power PC. Second transition OS9 [4:14] to OS 10. We're going to begin a third [4:17] transition from the Power PC to Intel [4:19] processors. There are two major [4:23] challenges in this transition. [4:28] The first one [4:30] is making Mac OS 10 sing on Intel [4:34] processors. [4:36] Right [4:38] now, I have something to tell you today. [4:42] Mac OS 10 has been leading a secret [4:44] double life [4:46] for the past 5 years. [4:54] There have been rumors to this effect, [4:56] but this is Apple's campus in Certino. [4:59] Let's zoom in on it. In that building [5:01] right there, [5:04] we've had teams [5:07] doing the just in case scenario. [5:09] And our rules have been that our designs [5:11] for OS 10 must be processor independent [5:15] and that every project must be built for [5:18] both the Power PC and Intel processors. [5:20] And so today, for the first time, I can [5:23] confirm the rumors [5:26] that every release of Mac OS 10 has been [5:30] compiled for both Power PC and Intel. [5:33] This has been going on for the last five [5:34] years. [5:45] just in case. [5:47] So, Mac OS 10 is crossplatform by design [5:52] right from the very beginning. [5:55] So, [5:57] Mac OS 10 is singing on Intel processors [6:00] and I just like to show you right now. [6:02] As a matter of fact, [6:05] as a matter of fact, this system I've [6:07] been using here. [6:12] Let's go have a look. [6:15] Let's go have a look here. [6:24] All right. There you go. [6:27] So, [6:29] we've been running on an Intel system [6:30] all morning. And let me just go uh you [6:32] know do do a few simple things. Uh [6:35] baseball you know boom. [6:42] All the normal stuff just works. Let's [6:45] go back to these uh dashboard widgets [6:47] that we just brought out. There they [6:49] are. [6:51] And um you know we can even uh let's see [6:54] here uh you know go find uh [6:59] calendar event here. Very simple. Let me [7:03] go uh show you mail. There's mail right [7:06] here. [7:08] Safari. [7:10] Here's uh here's the new widget stuff. [7:13] Way to find some widgets. [7:16] Boom. On apple.com. Let me show you. [7:23] loading in uh 4,000 photos. [7:27] Here we are. [7:34] And uh let me go ahead and play a movie. [7:37] Here's uh let me get rid of this. Here's [7:39] a movie trailer here [7:41] from Dud Lyman, director of the Born [7:44] Identity. Brad Pitt. [7:47] Come on, sweetheart. Come to daddy. [7:49] Angelina, [7:52] who's your daddy now? [7:57] All right, enough of that. Um, so [8:02] this is Mac OS 10 running on Intel [8:05] processors. [8:06] [Applause] [8:12] [Music]