Technology Connections
Applying transparent airbrush paint over warm-white LEDs successfully mimics the soft spectrum of vintage holiday lights while avoiding the heavy power consumption of traditional tungsten strands.
AI-assisted summary of LED Christmas lights still annoy me. Let's try some more fixes. — original source. Check the original for full context.
Source published:
Key ideas
- Standard commercial multicolored LED holiday lights rely on monochromatic diodes that emit pure, harsh wavelengths—particularly in greens and blues—clashing sharply with the broad-spectrum, subtractive warmth of traditional incandescent bulbs. (1:59)
- After experiments with dyed epoxy resin and PVA glue mixtures failed due to running, uneven optical density, and cracking, airbrushing transparent acrylic colors onto warm-white LED strands emerged as an effective DIY alternative. (11:18)
- Incandescent holiday lighting remains an enormous energy drain; running two strands of C9 bulbs and six twinkling sets for eight hours a night doubled the host's December electricity bill. (16:07)
- Commercially produced UK light strands prove that pairing phosphor-converted warm-white LEDs with tinted translucent caps is technically feasible, presenting a blueprint for North American manufacturers to replace harsh monochromatic sets. (16:45)
Detailed notes
## Background Published on November 30, 2023, by Alec on the YouTube channel Technology Connections, this video continues his recurring seasonal series on holiday lighting. With a weary "(sigh) here we go again" in the description, the video links back to his past experiments, custom lamp-frosting techniques, and vintage-style bulb maker Tru-Tone as he resumes his quest to fix the harsh aesthetic flaws of modern LED Christmas lights.
## TL;DR Frustrated by the glaring, hyper-saturated hues of standard monochromatic LED holiday lights—which he likens to an exploded gaming PC—Alec sets out to replicate the soft, warm look of vintage incandescent strands using energy-efficient LEDs. After reviewing the physics behind broad-spectrum tungsten filtering and assessing the current retail landscape, he tests and eliminates two-part epoxy resin and PVA-craft-paint mixtures due to sagging and shrinkage issues. He discovers a clean, highly effective solution in spraying transparent airbrush paint onto warm-white LEDs mounted in a custom cardboard jig, adhering strictly to a classic four-color palette. Highlighting both the severe power waste of real incandescent bulbs and proof from a UK viewer that colored-cap warm LEDs can be manufactured, he urges lighting companies to finally bring proper retro-style mini lights to store shelves.
## Atmosphere & style The presentation is a classic Technology Connections mix of deadpan curmudgeon humor, obsessive DIY pedantry, and genuine holiday nostalgia. It feels like spending an afternoon in a cozy workshop with an articulate friend who is fully aware that his crusade against 'tacky storefront neon' and 'Easter colors in Christmas lights' is ridiculous, yet commits to the bit with scientific rigor. Tangled wires, minor overspray mishaps, and candid outtakes give the technical breakdown a relaxed, charmingly self-deprecating warmth.
## Bulletin - [01:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=119s) Standard commercial multicolored LED holiday lights rely on monochromatic diodes that emit pure, harsh wavelengths—particularly in greens and blues—clashing sharply with the broad-spectrum, subtractive warmth of traditional incandescent bulbs. - [11:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=678s) After experiments with dyed epoxy resin and PVA glue mixtures failed due to running, uneven optical density, and cracking, airbrushing transparent acrylic colors onto warm-white LED strands emerged as an effective DIY alternative. - [16:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=967s) Incandescent holiday lighting remains an enormous energy drain; running two strands of C9 bulbs and six twinkling sets for eight hours a night doubled the host's December electricity bill. - [16:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=1005s) Commercially produced UK light strands prove that pairing phosphor-converted warm-white LEDs with tinted translucent caps is technically feasible, presenting a blueprint for North American manufacturers to replace harsh monochromatic sets.
## Key takeaways - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=0s) Boutique manufacturers like Tru-Tone have successfully replicated incandescent warmth in larger C7 and C9 screw-in LEDs, but miniature string lights remain unaddressed by quality-focused commercial brands. - [01:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=119s) Incandescent holiday lights produce warm, composite color through broad-spectrum tungsten emission filtered by subtractive glass coatings, whereas typical LEDs emit intensely saturated, monochromatic single wavelengths. - [03:04](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=184s) Tungsten filaments naturally emit fewer blue and green wavelengths before melting, making vintage cool colors soft and dim, while modern green and blue LEDs run at overwhelming visual intensities. - [04:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=278s) Modern retail holiday lights are increasingly shifting toward safe low-voltage wall-wart adapters and permanently sealed non-replaceable bulbs to eliminate corroded wire leads. - [07:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=427s) Past DIY coloring techniques such as Sharpies, spray paint, and Rit dye failed due to UV fading, chipping, complete opacity, or melting the plastic shells. - [08:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=493s) Dipping warm-white bulbs into dye-saturated epoxy resin failed because achieving authentic incandescent optical density without sagging or losing light output proved virtually impossible. - [10:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=605s) Adapting a PVA glue and craft paint mixture that worked on IKEA glass lamps failed on holiday lights due to film shrinkage, running, and severe cracking as it dried on plastic. - [11:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=678s) Airbrushing transparent acrylic craft paint onto warm-white LEDs provided a smooth, factory-like glossy finish with far less application friction than manual brush painting. - [12:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=757s) A strict traditional four-color holiday palette is defined as red, yellow (or amber/orange), green, and blue, while pinks, purples, and teals are dismissed as Easter colors. - [13:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=801s) Airbrushing a 100-bulb strand required building a 25-hole cardboard jig with paper shields to spray every fourth bulb without overspraying the harness. - [14:50](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=890s) Commercial transparent red paints often suffer from unwanted opacity, while transparent yellow can look artificially neon unless toned with a drop of red. - [16:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=967s) The environmental and financial burden of traditional incandescent holiday lighting justifies DIY efforts, as high wattage rapidly spikes seasonal electric bills. - [16:45](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=1005s) Photographic evidence from the UK demonstrates that manufacturers can achieve vintage aesthetic warmth simply by enclosing warm-white diodes in tinted plastic caps.
## Detailed walkthrough ### [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=0s) The Modern LED Dilemma and the Tru-Tone Triumph
As late November arrives, the irresistible seasonal urge to cover railings, shrubbery, windows, and trees with hundreds of tiny glowing bulbs takes over. Yet for all the undeniable technological marvel of the light-emitting diode, standard commercial multicolored LED Christmas lights introduce a glaring aesthetic grievance. Rather than projecting warmth and cheer, these sets display harsh, hyper-saturated hues that clash violently outdoors. As Alec describes it, “Rather than look festive and cheery and bright, modern LED Christmas light sets usually make it look like a gaming PC exploded on your front lawn.” While anyone drawn to that aesthetic is free to enjoy it, purists have spent years chasing after the gentle, nostalgic ambiance of vintage incandescent strings.
Fortunately, some progress has been made on larger bulb form factors. A company called Tru-Tone took up the challenge and engineered vintage-styled LED replacements for traditional screw-in C7 and C9 lamps. These reproductions capture the authentic spectral warmth and look of classic incandescent bulbs without burning through massive amounts of electrical power. Alec notes, “They are virtually indistinguishable from their energy-sucking incandescent counterparts and if that’s something you’re looking for, you should check them out.” However, because Tru-Tone has not yet expanded into mini-lights, the pursuit of an incandescent-looking miniature light strand remains an unsolved do-it-yourself battle.
[01:59](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=119s) Tungsten Physics vs. Monochromatic LEDs
The fundamental reason vintage incandescents look so distinct from modern LEDs comes down to emission physics. Traditional incandescence relies on heating a microscopic filament of tungsten wire until it glows hot enough to emit a broad spectrum of wavelengths that combine into white light. Crafting colored bulbs simply involved coating the glass in a subtractive filter that stripped away all unwanted wavelengths, leaving a rich, slightly softened composite color. Conversely, standard LEDs emit monochromatic light dictated by their semiconductor bandgap materials. Describing the result, Alec points out, “That monochromatic light has an incredibly intense color because it is literally pure as can be - it’s like the color wheel picker on your image editing app.”
```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: Light Generation and Color Filtering Comparison accDescr: Flowchart contrasting incandescent broad-spectrum filtering, raw monochromatic LEDs, and phosphor-converted filtered LEDs.
subgraph INC["Incandescent Bulb Method"] I1["Hot Tungsten Filament"] -->|"Broad-band white light"| I2["Subtractive Glass Coating"] I2 -->|"Filtered spectrum"| I3["Soft, Warm Glow"] end
subgraph MONO["Standard Modern LED"] M1["Semiconductor Diode"] -->|"Specific bandgap material"| M2["Single Pure Wavelength"] M2 -->|"Monochromatic light"| M3["Harsh, Neon Appearance"] end
subgraph IDEAL["Proposed Ideal LED"] P1["Blue/UV Diode + Phosphors"] -->|"Broad-spectrum warm white"| P2["Colored Filter Cap"] P2 -->|"Subtractive filtering"| P3["Vintage Balanced Glow"] end ```
This purity becomes especially grating with blue and green diodes. In a hot tungsten bulb, cooler wavelengths are naturally scarce because driving the filament hot enough to produce intense blues and greens would liquefy the metal, meaning un-melted incandescents produce blues and greens that are naturally dim compared to radiant yellows, oranges, and reds. Monochromatic blue and green LEDs, on the other hand, scream at maximum visual intensity. Alec laments, “Especially greens and blues - that is not a warm and fuzzy looking festive display, it’s a tacky storefront with those chasing LED strips around the windows letting you know they have CBD oil.” While semiconductor physics and differing forward voltages make leveling these ratios tricky, a straightforward alternative already exists: using inexpensive, phosphor-converted broad-spectrum white LEDs covered by subtractive tinted caps.
[04:38](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=278s) Big Box Reconnaissance: Low Voltage, Rice Lights, and Sealed Sets
Hoping the commercial market might have quietly adopted filtered white LEDs, a trip to the local big box retail stores revealed an evolving retail landscape instead. European design influences have begun transforming American shelves. Traditionally, American incandescent mini-lights bypassed power supplies entirely by plugging straight into 120V mains voltage, running two parallel series circuits of 50 bulbs (each rated around 2.5 volts). C7 and C9 strands supplied line voltage directly to parallel sockets, explaining why their plugs were polarized while standard mini-light plugs were non-polarized.
Modern store shelves, however, increasingly feature strings paired with external wall-wart power adapters that output safe, low-voltage electricity. Novel form factors have proliferated alongside them: - **Rice lights:** Ultra-compact diodes built into slender wires, frequently bundled with pulsing and chasing modes. - **Ribbon lights:** An adaptation of flat LED adhesive tape, enclosing emitters in flexible plastic beads, though durability outdoors remains doubtful. - **Permanently sealed traditional strands:** Sets abandoning user-replaceable push-in bulbs in favor of completely hard-wired, sealed enclosures.
Although non-replaceable bulbs might seem like anti-consumer cost-cutting at first glance, the change solves a notorious failure point. Traditional push-in LED minis relied on uninsulated wire leads bent around plastic wedges—an exact clone of incandescent designs. Alec reflects, “Corrosion was a major problem there, plus the bulbs could sometimes end up falling out which would kill the whole strand, so sealing the whole thing up is likely going to make the set more durable in the long-run.” Unfortunately, despite these architectural shifts, retail color choices remain trapped between flat warm-white and blinding, neon multicolored monstrosities.
[07:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=427s) Past Experiments and the New Contenders
With manufacturers offering no satisfactory off-the-shelf alternatives, modifying existing warm-white light strands requires reviewing past experiments to see what failed and what showed promise: - **Sharpie markers:** Produced vivid, appealing colors immediately, but quickly degraded and washed out under UV sunlight and rain. - **Spray paint and standard acrylic craft paint:** Failed completely due to poor coverage, chipping, or total opacity. - **Transparent acrylic craft paint:** Performed surprisingly well optically, but went untested for long-term weather resistance. - **Nail polish:** Provided simple application and good initial color, but durability testing was also left unfinished. - **Rit dye baths:** Failed completely to take to the plastic housings. Describing the mishap, Alec notes, “The heat from the dying process made the lights get all bendy, too.”
To push the quest forward, three new experimental candidates were selected for testing: dyed two-part epoxy resin, a glue-and-water modified acrylic craft paint recipe, and an unannounced mystery compound.
[08:13](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=493s) Testing Epoxy Resin: The Hunt for Optical Density
The first new trial involved two-part epoxy resin mixed with concentrated alcohol-based resin dyes, starting with blue. Blue provides the ultimate litmus test because creating an incandescent-style deep royal blue requires high optical saturation without turning black. The immediate obstacle proved to be pigment density. When spread out in a sheer skim coat over a miniature bulb, the mixture yielded almost no perceptible color.
Casual DIY suggestions often overlook the sheer optical density required to mimic vintage bulbs. Stained-glass coatings or colored heat-shrink sleeves let far too much light pass through; the unlit shell of an authentic colored incandescent bulb is so heavily saturated that it looks practically opaque and black at rest. Overcoming this meant dumping massive quantities of dye into the resin cup until the liquid turned jet-black. When test-dipping warm-white bulbs, the window of success proved impossibly narrow: - Dipping too thin left the illuminated bulb looking pale, pastel, and weak. - Dipping slightly too thick blocked nearly all lumen output. - The resin mix remained thin and runny, continually sagging and dripping off the smooth bulb tips even after an hour of curing on the bench.
Because the liquid would not maintain a uniform, clingy film thickness, epoxy resin was ruled out entirely.
[10:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=605s) Adapting the PVA Glue and Craft Paint Technique
The second experiment looked back at a prior lighting hack originally developed for frosted IKEA table lamps. When trying to eliminate harsh glare from exposed clear bulbs, a homemade "milk glass" mixture composed of equal parts by weight of tap water, white acrylic craft paint, and standard PVA glue had yielded a smooth, durable, factory-grade opaque finish that never peeled or yellowed.
Transferring that exact logic to Christmas lights, the white acrylic paint was replaced with colored craft paint to form a tinted dip coating. The initial dunk appeared remarkably promising while still wet, but the results deteriorated as the mixture cured. The water made the paint run down the bulb, and during the drying process the film contracted aggressively against the plastic shell. Alec explains, “Yeah, not sure if it’s because it was on plastic or what but the coating shrank and cracked and generally didn’t hold up.” A subsequent variation eliminating the water (using a strict 50/50 blend of craft paint and PVA glue) dried equally poorly, scratching off the second candidate from the list.
[11:18](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=678s) Turning to an Airbrush for a Less Fiddly Fix
After the first two coating techniques failed, Technology Connections promptly abandoned them. Even if dipping had worked, it produced a frosted finish rather than the crisp, glossy look he wanted. Transparent craft paint had yielded his best historical results, but brush application was notoriously tedious and frustrating. Acknowledging that the entire project was borderline absurd, he quipped, “I am a ridiculous person who is committed to the bit, but if I’m gonna keep doing this I want something just a little bit easier.”
The breakthrough came when he noticed an old yellow bottle on his workshop shelf—untouched for roughly two years—labeled "Airbrush colors." Despite never having used an airbrush before, he immediately ordered a generic kit from Amazon. Knowing how to use it was not a prerequisite; solving the lighting issue was what mattered. The next hurdle was constructing a jig to safely hold and organize the light strand while spraying.
```mermaid flowchart LR accTitle: Airbrush Preparation Process accDescr: Steps taken to prepare the light strand for airbrushing using a cardboard jig. subgraph Prep["Preparation"] A["Amazon Cardboard Box"] --> B["Punch 26 Holes Along Edge"] B --> C["Cover Extra Hole with Tape"] end subgraph Rigging["Rigging & Protection"] C --> D["Insert Every 4th Bulb"] D --> E["Tape Paper Shields Against Overspray"] end subgraph Painting["Application"] E --> F["Spray Transparent Airbrush Paint"] end ```
[12:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=757s) The Objectively Correct Four-Color Palette
Color selection is a matter of strict principle. Modern retail sets tend to feature non-traditional holiday hues that Technology Connections firmly rejects. His standard is an uncompromising four-color configuration consisting solely of red, green, blue, and yellow (with amber or orange being a grudgingly acceptable substitute for yellow). Purples, teals, and pinks are dismissed outright:
> “I will accept amber or orange in place of yellow, but teals and purples and pinks are completely unacceptable because those are Easter colors and that comes later. Those colors do not belong in Christmas light sets! Capiche?”
Fortunately, an airbrush set contained the exact four colors needed. He purchased fresh bottles because the two-year-old yellow paint had already separated long ago. To tackle a standard 100-light strand of warm white mini LEDs, he punched 26 holes with a handheld hole punch into a scrap piece of Amazon cardboard, taped over one extra hole to leave exactly 25, and threaded every fourth bulb through the slots. Scrap printer paper was taped around the edges to shield the rest of the tangled wire harness from overspray.
- Palette rules: Red, yellow, green, and blue only. - Substitute policy: Amber or orange is permitted if yellow is unavailable. - Banned colors: Pink, purple, and teal (reserved exclusively for Easter). - Paint flexibility: The primary transparent colors can easily be mixed if adjustments are required.
[14:02](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=842s) Spraying the Bulbs and Evaluating the Results
Using a gravity-fed airbrush from the kit, he filled the reservoir with blue paint and sprayed the first batch of 25 bulbs. The application was virtually effortless compared to past manual attempts, resulting in an even, vivid coat after just a couple of passes. Once dry, the airbrush was flushed out, the 25 blue bulbs were removed, and the next 25 unpainted bulbs were threaded into the jig for the following color.
While vastly superior to brushing, the setup still suffered from a notable "fiddle factor"—specifically wrestling, uncoiling, and re-tangling the heavy wire harness while swapping bulbs in and out of the cardboard holder. He mused that a larger piece of wood or cardboard pre-drilled with a drill press might allow spraying several strands simultaneously. The finished bulbs also displayed minor cosmetic quirks: the yellow leaned toward an artificial "highlighter yellow" and needed a drop of red to warm it up, while the transparent red paint suffered from slight opacity—a flaw he had noticed across multiple brands, indicating an inherent challenge in red pigment formulation. Furthermore, although the paint instructions suggested heat curing, he refused to risk melting the plastic bulb caps.
- Airbrush type used: Gravity-fed cup style. - Strand specifications: 100-count warm white LED mini lights, painted in batches of 25. - Durability testing: Installed outdoors facing south to endure direct winter sunlight and harsh Midwest weather, with updates promised for his second channel and YouTube Community tab.
[16:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=967s) The Motivation, Incandescent Power Waste, and the UK Discovery
Anticipating that viewers might question why anyone would go to such obsessive lengths, Technology Connections outlined the heavy financial and environmental cost of running classic incandescent lights. During the previous holiday season, his household electric bill doubled in December simply from running two strands of C9 bulbs and six runs of twinkling lights for eight hours each night—a jarring power spike, especially for someone who drives an electric vehicle. Conversely, he refuses to tolerate existing commercial LED strands:
> “Broadly, I just want to show that this can be done! Yes, maybe I’m just a curmudgeon who’s out of touch, but I really would like to use LED multicolored lighting ‘round the holidays because incandescent light sets use a stupid amount of power!”
He bluntly describes off-the-shelf LED sets as looking like “gamer vomit.” Hope arrived via a UK viewer who mailed in photos of an overseas light set matching his ideal design: warm-white diodes enclosed inside thick, richly tinted plastic bulb caps that replicate the warm glow of dyed glass. While the UK set skewed slightly pastel, it proved that manufacturers can easily produce aesthetically pleasing sets if they choose to. He called upon retail buyers and boutique manufacturers like Tru-Tone to bring warm-white, colored-cap LED strands to store shelves, warning his audience that if a company finally manufactures them, they had better buy them so retail shelves aren't permanently surrendered to harsh, blue-green laser-like lights.
[18:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=1090s) Outtakes and Discontinued Twinkle Lights
The video concludes with a festive jazz rendition of "We Wish You A Merry Christmas" alongside outtakes of Technology Connections fumbling lines, clearing his throat, and untangling rebellious light cords from his studio furniture. Looking over his backdrop of traditional incandescent twinkling lights, he remarks with genuine sadness that Menards appears to have discontinued them, admitting with a grin that he no longer feels guilty about having hoarded spare boxes over the past few years.
## Notable quotes > [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=0s) Rather than look festive and cheery and bright, modern LED Christmas light sets usually make it look like a gaming PC exploded on your front lawn. — Alec
> [12:37](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4&t=757s) I will accept amber or orange in place of yellow, but teals and purples and pinks are completely unacceptable because those are Easter colors and that comes later. Those colors do not belong in Christmas light sets! — Alec
## Mentioned Technology Connections, Alec, Tru-Tone, IKEA, Sharpie, Rit dye, Amazon, Menards
## Video description (sigh) here we go again Links! If you're interested in checking on Tru-Tone: https://tru-tone.com/ That one where I made those IKEA lamps better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ed8QTKtLxKs
Videos from years past: https://youtu.be/cQgcTkXacAc https://youtu.be/ebkD6DzZDlA https://youtu.be/PBFPJ3_6ZWs
Oh right, I did one on neon flicker flame lamps, too https://youtu.be/nyYjnV99wfM And bubble lights! https://youtu.be/5un4DdKQZvs
Technology Connections on Mastodon: https://mas.to/@TechConnectify
(I'm also trying out BlueSky on the same handle, if you've managed to get invited there)
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[Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va1rzP2xIx4)