UK Tests Direct-Dial Mobile Handset as Spectrum Row Stalls Domestic Use

Tomorrow's World: Mobile Phone 13 September 1979 - BBC — BBC

BBC

Regulatory deadlock between the Post Office and the Home Office over radio spectrum risks forcing Britain's pioneering direct-dial mobile phone technology abroad before domestic users can benefit.

AI-assisted summary of Tomorrow's World: Mobile Phone 13 September 1979 - BBC — original source. Check the original for full context.

Source published:

Key ideas

  • In 1979, BBC's Tomorrow's World demonstrated a British cordless prototype capable of direct dialing without routing through a Post Office operator. (1:07)
  • The prototype utilized digital packet bursts with warning headers to transmit dialed digits reliably over radio despite vehicle ignition and power line interference. (2:51)
  • To conserve scarce radio spectrum, the mobile unit incorporated an automated 20-second dialing timeout and a hard 3-minute call cutoff. (2:51)
  • Regulatory deadlock between the Post Office and the Home Office over spectrum allocation stalled domestic adoption, threatening to push British innovation strictly to export markets. (2:51)

Detailed notes

## Background Published on YouTube by the BBC channel on January 7, 2010, from the Tomorrow's World archives (originally broadcast September 13, 1979), this video showcases presenter Michael Rodd testing a British prototype for an experimental cordless mobile phone. The program explores direct-dial mobile technology allowing calls from anywhere, concluding with an archival outtake where Rodd accidentally dials a real subscriber's number.

## TL;DR Presenter Michael Rodd demonstrates an experimental British mobile telephone prototype capable of direct dialing into the public network without needing an intermediary Post Office operator. Broadcasting from Danbury Park, Rodd connects a live seven-mile call directly to an office in Chelmsford to show off the system's digital pulse signaling and clear-down capabilities. He explains how packeted data bursts and tight transmission gating prevent interference from vehicle ignitions and power lines while enforcing strict spectrum conservation limits. Despite the technological milestone, Rodd highlights an administrative deadlock between the Home Office and the Post Office over spectrum allocation that threatens UK commercialization, before the segment concludes with lighthearted outtakes featuring an accidental wrong number.

## Atmosphere & style The presentation embodies the crisp, theatrical charm of classic late-1970s British science broadcasting, opening with an elaborate deadpan sketch before pivoting to an earnest outdoor field demonstration. Rodd exudes calm authority and palpable enthusiasm as he operates the bulky handset, creating a sense of wonder around an everyday act that felt miraculous at the time. A subtle undercurrent of journalistic frustration surfaces when discussing bureaucratic inertia, which softens into warm, self-effacing humor during the candid outtakes.

## Bulletin - [01:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=67s) In 1979, BBC's Tomorrow's World demonstrated a British cordless prototype capable of direct dialing without routing through a Post Office operator. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) The prototype utilized digital packet bursts with warning headers to transmit dialed digits reliably over radio despite vehicle ignition and power line interference. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) To conserve scarce radio spectrum, the mobile unit incorporated an automated 20-second dialing timeout and a hard 3-minute call cutoff. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) Regulatory deadlock between the Post Office and the Home Office over spectrum allocation stalled domestic adoption, threatening to push British innovation strictly to export markets.

## Key takeaways - [00:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=1s) Michael Rodd demonstrated an experimental cordless handset prototype interfaced directly with a standard telephone network. - [01:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=67s) Approved UK mobile communications in 1979 were limited to two-way radio transmitter-receivers dependent on manual Post Office switchboard operators. - [01:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=67s) The prototype allowed direct dialing, giving users an immediate dial tone to key destination numbers autonomously. - [01:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=67s) A live field test established a clear connection between Danbury Park and a research institute office in Chelmsford roughly seven miles away. - [01:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=67s) Broadcasting precise digital pulses across radio frequencies presented far greater engineering hurdles than transmitting analogue voice. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) The handset emitted a distinct clear-down tone upon hanging up to inform the base network that transmission had ceased. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) Dialed digits were packaged into discrete data bursts preceded by digital warning headers to shield against corruption. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) Rapid gating of transmission bandwidth protected the telephone exchange from electrical interference produced by car ignitions and overhead power lines. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) The system featured automated error detection, signaling callers to hang up and redial if interference garbled the digits. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) Strict transmission limits were enforced to preserve airwaves, including a 20-second dialing limit and an automatic 3-minute call termination. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) A regulatory standoff between the Home Office and the Post Office over spectrum allocation hindered domestic deployment. - [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) Presenter Michael Rodd warned that foreign export markets would likely reap the benefits of British cordless mobile tech before local consumers. - [05:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=309s) Archival outtakes documented an inadvertent connection to a live subscriber, capturing one of the earliest accidental wrong numbers on a mobile prototype.

## Detailed walkthrough ### [00:01](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=1s) The Puzzling Search for Missing Papers

The presentation opens with a rambling monologue as Michael Rodd appears to pace around an office in the middle of a phone conversation. Speaking into the handset, he thanks the party on the line for their patience while he rummages around attempting to track down an elusive set of documents. He suggests they might be across the other side of the room, or perhaps borrowed by a colleague down the corridor who had shown interest in a prior discussion. Conceding that neither spot holds the files, he speculates they are probably sitting outside in his vehicle, asking his interlocutor to hold on while he steps out to check.

Eventually acknowledging defeat, he admits the papers are nowhere to be found and must have been lost somewhere between his home and the workplace. He asks, “So where does all that leave us?” before breaking the illusion to reveal that viewers have been listening to a recording of an experimental direct linkup between a standard telephone line and an advanced cordless handset prototype.

[01:07](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=67s) Direct Dialing from Danbury Park to Chelmsford

Stepping out from behind the pre-recorded demonstration, Michael Rodd explains that this experimental mobile unit is far removed from the radio phones available to the British public in 1979. He notes that under the strict supervision of Home Office regulations, approved UK mobile equipment is essentially limited to transmitter-receivers requiring an intermediary: “At the moment in the UK, approved mobile phones are really little more than transmitter receivers, which put the caller in touch with a post office operator who dials up the number you want and then connects your remote radio extension with the rest of the telephone network.”

By contrast, the prototype in his hand allows the user to obtain a dial tone and key in the destination number directly. Emphasizing how difficult it is to transmit accurate digital pulses over radio compared to voice, Rodd demonstrates the device live on location at Danbury Park. He keys an extension at a research institute based in Chelmsford that helped perfect the technique.

A staff member named Liz answers directly from her office on campus. Rodd checks the distance, and she confirms he is calling from roughly seven miles away. Rodd emphasizes that the exchange is being broadcast live rather than staged, noting, “We didn't cheat this one, did we?” to which Liz confirms, “Certainly not.” Upon concluding the call, Rodd hangs up, producing a clear audible tone signaling that the transmission has dropped.

```mermaid flowchart LR accTitle: Cordless Phone Prototype Call Flow accDescr: Flow diagram showing direct dialing transmission from handset across radio link to exchange and final campus receiver.

subgraph Field["Danbury Park"] A["Mobile Handset<br>(Direct Keypad Dial)"] B["Digital Signal<br>Packet Generator"] end

subgraph Wireless["Radio Transmission Link"] C["Gated RF Bandwidth<br>(7-Mile Path)"] end

subgraph Network["Chelmsford Infrastructure"] D["Base Receiver /<br>Telephone Exchange"] E["Research Institute Office<br>(Liz Charnley)"] end

A --> B B -->|"Digital pulses & header"| C C -->|"Minimizes interference"| D D -->|"Cleardown & voice path"| E ```

[02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) Packet Transmission and Regulatory Impasse

Rodd explains that the tone at the end of the call is a clear-down signal informing the network that the handset has gone off the air, a feature impossible with traditional analogue radio transmitters. To prevent radio crackle from corrupting numbers, the handset wraps each dialed digit into a burst:

- **Digital Header & Packets:** Every pulse is preceded by a digital warning signal indicating incoming data; the system opens and closes the transmission bandwidth just long enough for each discrete information packet to pass through. - **Interference Rejection:** This rapid gating shields the exchange from being misled by extraneous electrical noise, such as crackle from high-voltage overhead pylons or ignition interference from passing cars. - **Error Detection:** If dialed information is scrambled, an error tone prompts the caller to clear the line and restart. - **Spectrum Conservation Timeouts:** The unit enforces a strict 20-second dialing timeout and automatically severs any call exceeding three minutes to preserve precious airwaves.

Despite the technical breakthrough, Rodd reveals that the project faces an administrative stalemate. While the Home Office permitted field testing, the Post Office remains reluctant to adopt or support private developments unless dedicated spectrum is guaranteed. The Home Office has refused to allocate those frequencies, prompting Rodd to warn: “So though British technology exists here and now for a true walkabout phone, the chances are very strong that it'll be our export customers who benefit long before we do.”

[05:09](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=309s) Outtakes: The First Mobile Wrong Number

The report closes with archival outtakes from the shoot. The first clip captures a humorous alternate take of Rodd’s phone search routine, where he answers an unexpected call, nervously stumbling over his lack of notes and deadpanning whether he can manage the conversation without the missing sheet of paper.

A second outtake—labeled "Slate 16, Take 5"—shows Rodd testing the dialing mechanism live in the field. After pressing digits into the keypad, he is visibly startled when a genuine subscriber answers on the line. Rodd remarks in surprise to the crew, “I've actually got somebody,” before politely clearing the air with the bewildered recipient: “Thank you for your help. This is a test on the radio network. I apologize for interrupting you. Over and out.” Chuckling at the mistake, he remarks, “Poor man. We'll try again,” immortalizing what may have been one of the earliest accidental wrong numbers dialed on a mobile prototype.

## Notable quotes > [02:51](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY&t=171s) So though British technology exists here and now for a true walkabout phone, the chances are very strong that it'll be our export customers who benefit long before we do. — Michael Rodd

## Mentioned BBC, Tomorrow's World, Michael Rodd, Danbury Park, Chelmsford, Liz Charnley, Home Office, Post Office

## Video description Subscribe and 🔔 to the BBC 👉 https://bit.ly/BBCYouTubeSub Watch the BBC first on iPlayer 👉 https://bbc.in/iPlayer-Home From the BBC Archive 'Tomorrow's World' collection: http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/tomorrowsworld/index.shtml Michael Rodd makes a call with an experimental cordless mobile phone. It's 1979 and time for the telephone to go mobile. In this report from a longer programme, Michael Rodd (pictured above) examines a British prototype for a cordless telephone that allows the user to make calls from anywhere. Also included at the end of this item is a rather nice out-take as Rodd also experiences the first mobile wrong number.

#bbc

[Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vix6TMnj9vY)

中文简报

英国测试直拨移动电话 频谱争议阻碍国内应用 英国邮政局与内政部在无线电频谱问题上的监管僵局，可能导致英国开创性的直拨移动电话技术在本土用户受益前被迫流向海外。 主持人迈克尔·罗德（Michael Rodd）展示了一款英国实验性移动电话原型，该原型机无需邮政局接线员中转即可直接拨入公共通信网。罗德在丹伯里公园进行现场直播，直接连线7英里外位于切姆斯福德的一处办公室，以展示该系统的数字脉冲信令与拆线功能。他解释了分组数据突发与严格的传输门控如何在防止车辆点火及输电线路干扰的同时，执行严格的频谱节约限制。尽管达成了这一技术里程碑，罗德仍强调内政部与邮政局在频谱分配上的行政僵局威胁到了英国本土的商业化，该片段最后以一段意外拨错号码的轻松花絮收尾。 1979年，BBC的《明日世界》节目展示了一款英国无绳电话原型，该原型无需经由邮政局接线员转接即可直接拨号。 (1:07) 该原型利用带有前导预警头的数字分组突发，在车辆点火和输电线路干扰下仍能通过无线电可靠传输所拨数字。 (2:51) 为节约稀缺的无线电频谱，该移动设备设置了20秒自动拨号超时限制和3分钟强制通话中断机制。 (2:51) 邮政局与内政部在频谱分配上的监管僵局阻碍了该技术的国内应用，可能迫使这一英国创新成果完全流向出口市场。 (2:51)

Reading summary

In a 1979 broadcast of BBC's Tomorrow's World, presenter Michael Rodd demonstrated a pioneering British cordless phone prototype capable of direct radio dialing, while warning that regulatory inaction could prevent domestic consumers from adopting it. Transition from Operator Intermediaries to Direct Dialing (1:07) In 1979, mobile telephone devices approved under UK Home Office regulations functioned merely as transmitter-receivers. Callers were required to contact a Post Office operator, who then manually dialed the requested number to connect the remote radio unit to the public switched telephone network. The experimental handset demonstrated by Rodd bypassed human operators entirely by allowing users to receive a dial tone and key destination numbers directly into the keypad. To show the system in action, Rodd placed a live seven-mile call from Danbury Park to a campus office at a Chelmsford research institute that co-developed the technique, demonstrating that automated switching could function reliably over wireless links. Packetized Data and Interference Rejection Mechanisms (2:51) Transmitting precise digital dialing pulses over radio channels posed far greater technical challenges than relaying analogue voice signals. To prevent stray radio noise from corrupting dialed numbers, the prototype encapsulated each digit inside a discrete information burst preceded by a digital warning header. The system opened and gated the transmission bandwidth only long enough for the data packet to cross the radio link. This rapid gating mechanism prevented external electrical disturbances—such as ignition noise from passing vehicles or crackle from high-voltage power lines—from confusing the telephone exchange. The unit also incorporated an error tone that instructed callers to reset after scrambled transmissions, a 20-second dialing timeout, an automated three-minute call limit to preserve limited airwaves, and a distinct cleardown tone signaling to the network that the handset had disconnected. Regulatory Impasse Between British Authorities (2:51) Despite solving the technical hurdles of wireless direct dialing, the deployment of the prototype was paralyzed by an administrative dispute. While the Home Office authorized preliminary field testing, it declined to allocate dedicated radio frequencies for commercial operations. Simultaneously, the Post Office was unwilling to adopt or maintain private network developments without guaranteed spectrum access. Because of this deadlock between regulatory bodies, Rodd cautioned that British consumers would unlikely see domestic deployment anytime soon. Instead, he projected that foreign export markets would likely reap the commercial benefits of the British-engineered walkabout telephone long before the domestic public could access it. Field Vulnerabilities and Unintended Connections (5:09) Outtakes from the broadcast highlighted the unpredictable nature of early automated mobile experimentation. During a field test labeled Slate 16, Take 5, Rodd keyed a sequence of numbers into the keypad and unexpectedly established a live connection with a genuine telephone subscriber rather than the intended test extension. Rodd apologized to the startled recipient, explaining that the call was a test on an experimental radio network before clearing the line. The incident underscored the practical challenges of integrating experimental digital radio equipment into standard exchange lines during real-world trials. While the 1979 Danbury Park demonstration proved that direct mobile dialing and digital packet gating were technically viable over radio frequencies, the technology's near-term domestic future was left unresolved due to spectrum disputes between the Home Office and the Post Office.

精炼阅读摘要

1979年9月，英国广播公司（BBC）节目《明日世界》展示了一款便携式无线电话原型机，该设备突破了当时英国依赖人工转接的移动通信限制实现直接键盘拨号；主持人Michael Rodd指出，因内政部与邮政总局在频谱分配上的监管分歧，这项本土创新恐将率先流向海外市场。 摆脱人工转接的直接无线拨号测试 (1:07) 在1979年的英国，受内政部（Home Office）严格监管的商用移动通信设备功能极为有限，本质上仅是收发信机。用户必须先联络英国邮政总局（Post Office）的操作员，再由人工将无线电延伸信道接入公共电话网完成拨号。相比之下，Michael Rodd展示的原型机允许用户直接获取拨号音并通过按键输入目标号码。在节目演示中，Rodd在丹伯里公园（Danbury Park）现场直拨了位于约7英里外切尔姆斯福德（Chelmsford）的研究机构分机，成功与工作人员Liz通话，展示了无线传输数字化脉冲替代人工中继的可行性。 数据包脉冲传输与抗干扰架构 (2:51) 由于在无线信道上传输精确数字脉冲的难度远高于传统语音信号，该原型机采用了数字数据包传输机制以防止杂音窜改号码。系统在发送每个脉冲前均附带数字预警报头，使传输带宽仅在离散数据包通过的瞬间开启与闭合。这种快速门控机制有效屏蔽了高压架空电塔电晕放电和过往汽车点火装置产生的电气干扰。若拨号数据发生混乱，设备会发出错误提示音促使用户挂断重拨；而在通话结束挂断时，系统会自动发出切断信号通告网络释放信道，这是传统模拟无线收发机无法具备的功能。 频谱节约限制与跨部门监管僵局 (2:51) 为了在稀缺的无线电空中资源下运行，该原型机内置了严格的时限机制，包括20秒拨号超时限制以及单次通话最长3分钟的自动切断功能。尽管技术已得到验证，但该项目陷入了严重的行政僵局：内政部虽允许外场试验，却拒绝为该系统划拨专用无线电频段；而邮政总局在缺乏专属频谱保障的前提下，不愿采纳或支持民间研发成果。面对部门间的相互推诿，Rodd明确预测，尽管英国本土已掌握真正的便携式电话技术，但海外出口客户极有可能先于英国本土公众享受到这一成果。 早期移动通信现场测试的偶发状况 (5:09) 节目记录的实测花絮呈现了原型机在试验阶段的真实技术状态。在一次代号为“第16场第5镜”的现场拨号调试中，系统键盘误接通了一位真实的普通电话订阅用户。这次意外通话展现了早期无线直拨原型机在没有人工干预的情况下，直接与公用电话交换网接驳时可能产生的偶发性接错线路现象，成为移动通信发展史上最早被影像记录的移动电话误拨事件之一。 该节目记录了英国在便携式全自动无线电话技术上的早期探索，但同时也揭示了新兴通信技术因政府监管机构与国有垄断运营商在无线频谱分配上的博弈而遭遇推广停滞的现实困境。

Source quotes

[2:51] Michael Rodd: So though British technology exists here and now for a true walkabout phone, the chances are very strong that it'll be our export customers who benefit long before we do.

Original transcript

[0:01] May I say first of all how much I [0:03] appreciate your making time to talk to [0:05] me like this. If you'd be good enough to [0:07] bear with me for a little while. I'll [0:08] see if I can find those papers you want. [0:10] I rather think they're across the other [0:13] side of the office. It shouldn't take me [0:17] too long to find them. If they're not [0:20] here, they'll be with a colleague down [0:21] the corridor. He was expressing [0:23] considerable interest in a couple of [0:25] things that we spoke about the last time [0:26] we had the opportunity of having a chat. [0:28] Though thinking about it seriously, I'll [0:31] bet they're outside the building in the [0:33] vehicle. [0:35] So, if you'll hold on for just a second, [0:37] I'll check whether it's in here and then [0:39] we can proceed a little further. [0:42] The difficulty is always to know [0:45] whereabouts one has left anything. But [0:47] they uh they don't seem to be here, I [0:50] must admit. Well, I can only conclude [0:52] that I have lost them somewhere between [0:55] here and home. And though that would be [0:58] most unlike me, it is, I suppose, a [1:00] possibility that we can't overlook. So [1:03] where does all that leave us? [1:07] It leaves us with a tape recording of an [1:09] experimental linkup between a standard [1:11] telephone and a unique mobile handset. [1:15] The mobile unit I was using is no [1:17] ordinary radio phone. This device is a [1:21] prototype. a prototype whose trials are [1:23] being carried out strictly governed by [1:26] home office regulations. [1:28] At the moment in the UK, approved mobile [1:30] phones are really little more than [1:33] transmitter receivers, which put the [1:34] caller in touch with a post office [1:36] operator who dials up the number you [1:39] want and then connects your remote radio [1:41] extension with the rest of the telephone [1:43] network. Here [1:46] is a device which allows you to dial [1:48] yourself [1:54] a dialing tone. And that's quite an [1:56] achievement because it's one thing to [1:58] transmit a conversation, it's another to [2:01] transmit accurate digital information. [2:04] Now an extension [2:06] at the research institute in Chelmsford [2:10] which has perfected this technique. On [2:12] the other end of this should be Liz [2:13] Charnik. Hello Liz Charik. [2:17] Hello Liz. That's a relief to hear your [2:19] voice. I'm in Danbury Park now. You know [2:22] the area better than I do. How far am I [2:24] away from you at the moment? Oh, you're [2:26] about 7 miles away, Mike. We're in [2:28] Charmsford here at the Charmer [2:30] Institute. I'm in my little office in [2:32] the middle of the campus. Thank you very [2:34] much for taking part in this experiment. [2:36] Uh which was actually happening in real [2:38] time. We didn't cheat this one, did we? [2:40] Certainly not. Certainly not. And it's [2:42] been an absolute pleasure. Thank you for [2:44] your help. Bye-bye. [2:50] [Music] [2:51] And that final tone is the instruction [2:54] from me that I've cleared down. Finish [2:56] the call. Another important factor [2:58] because with conventional radio [3:00] transmission, it's impossible to tell [3:02] the telephone network that you've gone [3:04] off the air. What this combination is [3:06] achieving is minimizing the chances of [3:09] the telephone network being confused by [3:11] the number which the radio caller dials [3:14] in. Each number that goes out from here [3:16] is transmitted as a series of digital [3:19] pulses and each one is preceded by a [3:21] special digital signal which tells the [3:23] receiver back at the exchange that the [3:25] important digital information is on its [3:28] way. The numbers themselves go out as [3:31] tiny packets of information and the [3:34] bandwidth opens and closes just long [3:36] enough to allow each packet to be [3:39] transmitted. Now, this greatly reduces [3:41] the chance of interference from outside, [3:44] other pulses, electrical crackle from [3:46] overhead pylons or a passing motor [3:49] carping the information that's [3:51] transmitted from here. And if the system [3:54] doesn't understand anything that I [3:55] transmit, well, it tells me. See if we [3:59] can demonstrate that. [4:05] Now, we'll try and mess up the dialing. [4:12] That's the sound, which means go back to [4:14] square one and start dialing again. And [4:17] if it takes me longer than 20 seconds to [4:19] dial anyway, I'll be cut off. If my call [4:22] takes longer than 3 minutes, the system [4:24] will automatically terminate that too. [4:26] All features built in to minimize the [4:30] chances of anybody wasting our valuable [4:32] air waves. The only distressing part [4:35] about this whole project is though the [4:38] home office have allowed these tests to [4:39] go ahead, the post office don't seem [4:42] very enthusiastic about the results. [4:44] They see little point in supporting a [4:46] private development like this unless the [4:48] home office make available wavelengths [4:51] on which it could be used. The Home [4:53] Office says those wavelengths aren't [4:56] going to be made available. So though [4:58] British technology exists here and now [5:00] for a true walkabout phone, the chances [5:03] are very strong that it'll be our export [5:05] customers who benefit long before we do. [5:09] Excuse me. [5:14] Hello. Who is this? [5:21] Well, it's very embarrassing, but um the [5:24] problem is I can't find the piece of [5:25] paper, as you know, and without the [5:27] piece of paper, I'm not sure what it was [5:29] that we were going to talk about. Could [5:30] he manage without the paper? [5:39] Maybe, but on the other hand, possibly [5:42] not. And without that, well, I think the [5:45] problem will be one of immense. [5:53] Slate 16. Take five. [6:08] 34. [6:10] I've actually got somebody. [6:13] Thank you for your help. This is a test [6:15] on the radio network. I apologize for [6:17] interrupting you. Over and out. [6:25] Poor man. We'll try again.