All-In Podcast
Continuous physiological tracking combined with behavioral journaling allows wearables to infer clinical biomarkers without invasive lab tests, creating a proprietary moat traditional consumer electronics cannot match.
AI-assisted summary of WHOOP CEO, Will Ahmed: 50B Hours of Health Data, a 4 Million Member Data Moat, & the FDA Fight — original source. Check the original for full context.
Source published:
Key ideas
- WHOOP has reached over 4 million members wearing the device an average of 23.6 hours per day, accumulating a longitudinal data moat of over 50 billion continuous hours of physiological data. (0:00)
- Rather than licensing aggregate biometrics to external frontier AI labs, WHOOP is building proprietary foundational health models combining multi-modal inputs from wearable telemetry, user journals, and uploaded clinical blood work. (17:22)
- Following a warning letter from the FDA over Blood Pressure Insights, WHOOP maintained its product position until the agency updated its general wellness guidance, enabling wrist-based monitoring without classification as a medical device. (40:00)
- LeBron James has officially joined WHOOP as a global ambassador after wearing the device organically for 11 years, joining athletes like Cristiano Ronaldo and Patrick Mahomes who originally came in as organic users and investors. (48:06)
Detailed notes
## Background Published on YouTube by the All-In Podcast channel on October 29, 2026, this interview features WHOOP founder and CEO Will Ahmed in conversation with host Jason Calacanis. According to the page description, the episode covers WHOOP's pivot away from a $500 hardware model to a recurring subscription, its 50-billion-hour health data moat, AI coaching and GLP-1 tracking, regulatory disputes with the FDA, and LeBron James becoming a global ambassador.
## TL;DR Will Ahmed chronicles WHOOP's evolution from a niche, $500 performance device for elite athletes into a multi-million-member biometric subscription platform collecting over 50 billion hours of continuous physiological data. Calacanis and Ahmed explore how core metrics like heart rate variability, sleep stages, and respiratory rates serve as early warning signals for acute illnesses, inflammation, and undetected cancers. The conversation details WHOOP's proprietary AI Coach, behavioral tracking around sleep and GLP-1 medications, and the regulatory challenges of navigating FDA boundaries between wellness insights and medical devices. Finally, they cover commercial sports league pushback, organic athlete-investor partnerships culminating in LeBron James's ambassadorship, and venture market dynamics surrounding secondary share transactions.
## Atmosphere & style The conversation carries the relaxed, candid cadence of two longtime tech acquaintances dissecting the intersection of startup mechanics and personal health optimization. Calacanis approaches the interview with enthusiastic, hands-on user curiosity—frequently comparing live biometrics, app dashboards, and personal medical scares—while Ahmed delivers measured, data-dense insights with calm executive polish. The dialogue balances rigorous physiological deep dives with sharp, humorous industry banter about sports marketing shakedowns, venture secondary madness, and modern biohacking routines.
## Bulletin - [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=0s) WHOOP has reached over 4 million members wearing the device an average of 23.6 hours per day, accumulating a longitudinal data moat of over 50 billion continuous hours of physiological data. - [17:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1042s) Rather than licensing aggregate biometrics to external frontier AI labs, WHOOP is building proprietary foundational health models combining multi-modal inputs from wearable telemetry, user journals, and uploaded clinical blood work. - [40:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2400s) Following a warning letter from the FDA over Blood Pressure Insights, WHOOP maintained its product position until the agency updated its general wellness guidance, enabling wrist-based monitoring without classification as a medical device. - [48:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2886s) LeBron James has officially joined WHOOP as a global ambassador after wearing the device organically for 11 years, joining athletes like Cristiano Ronaldo and Patrick Mahomes who originally came in as organic users and investors.
## Key takeaways - [01:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=108s) Transitioning in 2018–2019 from a $500 luxury hardware purchase to a $15–$30 recurring subscription solved early acquisition friction and decoupled WHOOP from arbitrary 12-month hardware refresh cycles. - [04:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=295s) Continuous over-the-air software updates enable existing hardware to gain clinical-grade capabilities like ECG, AFib detection, biological 'WHOOP Age' estimation, and Blood Pressure Insights. - [06:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=418s) WHOOP's core experience balances three pillars—Sleep, Recovery, and Strain—with Recovery heavily anchored on autonomic nervous system balance captured via Heart Rate Variability (HRV). - [10:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=600s) Subtle, multi-day biometric anomalies in respiratory rate, resting heart rate, and HRV can serve as preemptive indicators of acute infections like COVID-19 or underlying inflammation before severe symptoms surface. - [13:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=801s) Longitudinal baseline anomalies—such as overnight heart rate spikes or halving baseline HRV—have prompted early clinical investigations that identified cancers such as Hodgkin lymphoma and testicular cancer. - [14:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=880s) Higher Heart Rate Variability indicates dynamic balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, serving as a primary non-invasive proxy for cardiovascular fitness, recovery capacity, and healthspan longevity. - [17:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1042s) The slide-on charging pack and screenless design facilitate 23.6 hours of daily wear time, giving WHOOP an uninterrupted data lake unmatched by notification-heavy smartwatches. - [20:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1200s) By correlating wearable sensor data with clinical blood panels, WHOOP aims to predict out-of-range biomarkers, such as elevated cortisol, without requiring invasive lab tests. - [23:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1385s) Over 50% of active members complete daily journal entries across 100+ variables, enabling WHOOP's Behavioral Insights engine to statistically measure the personal recovery impact of specific lifestyle habits. - [25:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1512s) Across the member population, alcohol and late meals consumed within three hours of bedtime consistently emerge as the most damaging behavioral inputs to overnight sleep architecture and recovery. - [32:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1920s) To counter the 50% lean muscle mass loss commonly associated with GLP-1 weight loss treatments, WHOOP introduced specialized tracking protocols emphasizing strength training, hydration, and protein intake. - [40:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2400s) WHOOP navigates a dual regulatory strategy: pursuing formal FDA 510(k) medical clearances for diagnostic tools like ECG while defending general wellness applications for lifestyle features like Blood Pressure Insights. - [40:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2400s) Ahmed views peripheral medical accessories like standard blood pressure cuffs as commoditized calibration tools that optical wearable sensors will eventually make obsolete. - [40:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2400s) Unlike big tech advertising platforms, WHOOP refuses to monetize user data, ensuring that the paid subscription remains the sole commercial product. - [48:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2886s) Early-stage consumer and wearable startups should avoid paying athletic influencers upfront, relying instead on organic product-market fit to turn genuine power users into cap table investors and brand ambassadors. - [52:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=3132s) Unsanctioned secondary brokers floating phantom share allocations create severe governance headaches for private growth companies, underscoring the need for strict board- and CFO-level clearance on equity transfers.
## Detailed walkthrough ### [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=0s) The Scale of WHOOP: From 14-Year Journey to 4 Million Members
The interview opens with staggering metrics highlighting WHOOP's massive health footprint: an average member wears the device 23.6 hours a day, amounting to just over 50 billion hours of continuous physiological data. Host Jason Calacanis welcomes WHOOP CEO Will Ahmed to the All-In interview series, stepping away from the weekly news cycle to explore the deep intersection of health and technology. Jason reflects on following Will’s journey across multiple appearances on *This Week in Startups* over the years, prompting Will to reflect on how WHOOP’s footprint has expanded since he founded the company in 2012.
Ahmed emphasizes that WHOOP's current status as an apparent overnight success actually took well over a decade of grinding. The company required 12 full years to reach its first 1 million members, but network effects and momentum soon took over: scaling from 1 million to 2 million members took only 18 months, another six months brought them to 3 million, and they are projected to cross 4 million members by the end of the year. Calacanis observes that while a price tag of $15 to $30 a month might give some consumers pause initially, it comes down to a dollar a day or less for something transformative: “For a dollar a day, I think this is like one of the best things you could spend on your health.”
- **Wear time:** 23.6 hours per day on average per member. - **Data volume:** Over 50 billion hours of continuous physiological data collected. - **Founding year:** 2012 (14 years of development). - **Growth trajectory:** 12 years to reach 1M members; 18 months to reach 2M; ~6 months to reach 3M; projected to reach ~4M members by year-end.
---
[01:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=108s) The $500 Hardware Problem and the Pivot to Subscriptions
Calacanis explores the deliberate business model choice to forgo upfront device pricing in favor of a recurring subscription, removing the friction and anxiety associated with expensive, easily misplaced hardware. Ahmed explains that when WHOOP first launched to consumers in 2017, it operated as a luxury performance brand tailored to elite athletes and pro sports teams, carrying a steep one-time price tag of $500. After twelve months in the consumer market, Ahmed and his team analyzed their telemetry and confronted a glaring contradiction: the people who bought WHOOP wore it almost constantly, yet very few people were actually buying it.
To overcome the customer acquisition barrier without cheapening the technology, WHOOP pivoted completely in 2018 and 2019 by introducing a subscription model priced between $15 and $30 per month, bundling the hardware into the membership fee. Lowering the initial barrier to entry allowed prospective users to test the experience risk-free, while strong engagement turned them into highly profitable, long-term subscribers. Ahmed reflects on how this shift radically overhauled the company's internal priorities: “Because when you're a subscription business, you become really obsessed with your existing members, arguably more so even the new members.”
```mermaid flowchart LR accTitle: WHOOP Business Model Evolution accDescr: Diagram tracing the pivot from a 500-dollar hardware device to a recurring subscription model. subgraph S1["2017: Hardware Sales Model"] A["$500 Upfront Cost"] --> B["High Retention"] A --> C["Low Sales Volume"] end subgraph S2["2018-2019: Subscription Pivot"] D["$15–$30/Month Membership"] --> E["Zero Upfront Hardware Cost"] E --> F["Rapid Member Growth"] F --> G["Focus on Retention & Software"] end C -->|"Pivoted to Solve Acquisition"| D ```
---
[04:55](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=295s) Subscription DNA vs. The Annual Hardware Treadmill
Calacanis points out that transitioning from selling discrete "widgets" to running a subscription service fundamentally changes a founder’s core metrics, shifting attention away from pure top-of-funnel marketing toward retention, engagement, and churn reduction. Ahmed agrees, noting that recurring revenue fundamentally decoupled WHOOP from the trap of shipping annual hardware refreshes. Traditional consumer electronics brands, like Apple with the iPhone, are trapped on a treadmill where they must release new hardware every 12 months—regardless of whether meaningful technological leaps occurred—purely to trigger cash register upgrades from their existing customer base.
In contrast, WHOOP only releases hardware when a step-function breakthrough in form factor or sensing technology is achieved. Because members continuously pay for their subscription, WHOOP's engineering focus stays trained on shipping major new software and clinical capabilities to the hardware members already wear on their wrists. Ahmed lists a wave of advanced health features deployed directly over the air to existing units, including ECG monitoring, atrial fibrillation (AFib) detection, blood pressure insights, an Advanced Labs feature integrating regular blood work, and Healthspan, a longevity feature that calculates a user's biological "WHOOP Age."
- **Hardware philosophy:** Launch physical hardware only when there is a true step-function leap, not on an arbitrary 12-month calendar. - **Over-the-air features delivered to existing members:** - Continuous ECG monitoring and AFib detection - Advanced Labs (in-app biomarker blood work tracking) - Healthspan and biological "WHOOP Age" scoring - Daily blood pressure insights
---
[06:58](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=418s) The Core Pillars: Sleep, Recovery, and Strain
Calacanis shares his personal journey across the wearable landscape, explaining that after rotating through Fitbit (now Google Health) and the Apple Watch, he committed fully to WHOOP. While WHOOP's interface initially felt complex due to its deep analytics and daily journal tracking, he discovered that logging his habits delivered far greater actionable insight into his physical state than rival trackers. Ahmed explains that the entire user experience is built around three interrelated daily pillars: Sleep, Recovery, and Strain. A user's day typically begins with an analysis of sleep duration, sleep consistency (going to bed and waking up at identical times), and the proportion of restorative slow-wave (deep) sleep and REM sleep against total time spent in bed.
This sleep architecture feeds directly into the Recovery score, an intuitive 0-to-100% metric color-coded red, yellow, and green that quantifies how prepared the body is to take on cardiovascular or cognitive stress. Calacanis and Ahmed compare their live scores on the spot: Ahmed reveals he is primed at a 93% green recovery, while Calacanis checks his app to find an 83% sleep score paired with a 67% green recovery, joking that his strain is near zero because he has spent the morning sitting down. Calacanis emphasizes that for high-stress executives constantly managing international travel across time zones—such as his recent trips to Japan, Saudi Arabia, and the World Economic Forum in Davos—having immediate biological feedback is no longer a luxury: “I travel... I'm all over the globe, and I'm trying to regulate my sleep... It's just essential for me. I can't live without it.”
- **Three Core Pillars:** - **Sleep:** Measures hours in bed vs. actual sleep, sleep consistency, and restorative cycles (slow-wave sleep and REM). - **Recovery:** Scored from 0% to 100% across red (under-recovered), yellow (moderately recovered), and green (fully recovered) zones, heavily driven by heart rate variability (HRV). - **Strain:** Real-time tracking of cardiovascular and muscular exertion throughout the day.
[10:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=600s) Early Warning Signals: ER Scares, Inflammation, and COVID Detection
Jason Calacanis walks through his recent personal health scare to illustrate how continuous biometrics can serve as an early warning detection system. While his WHOOP Health Monitor metrics—respiratory rate, resting heart rate, skin temperature, blood oxygen, and heart rate variability (HRV)—are currently in the green, just weeks earlier he woke up to subtle physiological anomalies after family members caught a respiratory bug. Although he felt asymptomatic, his respiratory rate crept up by two full breaths per minute (jumping from his baseline of 15–16 up to 17–18), while his skin temperature rose by two degrees Fahrenheit. Because respiratory rate is typically an exceptionally stable, flat metric, seeing elevated readings two days in a row put him on high alert. He attempted to manage it with warm baths and electrolytes, but by the weekend, acute chest pains set in. Drawing on his past experience working on an ambulance, Jason knew that chest pain in a 55-year-old male cannot be ignored.
At 1:00 AM, Jason put his Tesla into Full Self-Driving mode and rode directly to a dedicated heart center in Austin. Between 1:00 AM and 7:00 AM, doctors ran extensive diagnostics, including continuous EKGs and a cardiac CT scan. The testing revealed that he was not suffering a heart attack; rather, acute lung inflammation was constricting his chest cavity and placing pressure on his heart. Reflecting on the timeline, Jason realized WHOOP had flagged the underlying physiological stress two full days before the pain manifested. A similar dynamic had occurred three years prior in New York City: an anomalous spike in skin temperature and an HRV crash prompted him to take a COVID-19 test at Duane Reade before typical symptoms took hold, enabling him to start Paxlovid on day one. Jason asks Will Ahmed how these predictive capabilities are evolving across WHOOP's four-million-member user base as the company begins to interface with preemptive clinical care.
- Jason's typical respiratory baseline of 15–16 breaths per minute spiked to 17–18 breaths per minute alongside a two-degree increase in skin temperature. - “I put the Tesla at 1am in self-driving and I go to the emergency room because I used to work on an ambulance,” Jason explained regarding his decision to seek immediate emergency care. - Diagnostic scans confirmed chest wall and pulmonary inflammation constricting the heart rather than myocardial infarction. - Early biometric alerts previously allowed Jason to detect COVID-19 within hours of onset and access time-sensitive Paxlovid treatment.
---
[13:21](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=801s) Detecting Hidden Cancers: High Nighttime Heart Rates and Plummeting HRV
Will Ahmed validates Jason's experience, noting that anecdotes of members catching acute or chronic illnesses through unexpected biometric shifts reach his inbox weekly. He highlights the case of a professional baseball player who appeared exceptionally fit and typically logged a resting heart rate around 50 beats per minute. Suddenly, the athlete's WHOOP data revealed abnormal nocturnal spikes, with his heart rate surging between 120 and 130 beats per minute while he was asleep. Spurred by the data, the player visited a physician for blood work and scans, which led to a diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma; because the disease was detected early, he underwent successful treatment and made a full recovery.
Ahmed shares a second case involving a user who had worn WHOOP continuously for nearly a decade, building an exceptionally robust, stable biometric baseline. Out of nowhere, the member's HRV plummeted from his long-term baseline of approximately 100 milliseconds down to 50 milliseconds and remained depressed. Concerned by the sustained drop, the user sought medical testing and was diagnosed with testicular cancer. When Jason asks whether medicine previously recognized depressed HRV as a leading indicator for testicular cancer, Ahmed explains that clinical literature lacked the continuous longitudinal data required to observe such correlations in real time.
- A professional baseball player with a 50 bpm resting heart rate experienced sleeping heart rates of 120–130 bpm, leading to an early Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis. - A ten-year member with an HRV baseline near 100 ms saw his metrics drop by 50% to roughly 50 ms, prompting an early diagnosis of testicular cancer. - “I mean, I don't think so. You know, that's what's so fascinating about this moment in time is we've never had this much data on the human body continuously,” Ahmed remarked regarding whether oncology had previously established HRV as an early cancer signal.
---
[14:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=880s) The Science of Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Balance
Ahmed unpacks the physiology of Heart Rate Variability (HRV), explaining that it represents the variation in time intervals between consecutive heartbeats. While intuition might suggest that a perfectly metronomic heartbeat is ideal, the physiological reality is the opposite: higher variability indicates a resilient, responsive autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system consists of two competing branches: the sympathetic nervous system (“fight or flight,” activated by exercise, psychological stress, or sudden threats, which drives up heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration) and the parasympathetic nervous system (“rest and digest,” activated by prolonged exhalations, sleep, and recovery, which dampens heart rate and blood pressure). When these two systems are properly coupled and dynamically competing to regulate the body, the resulting inter-beat intervals vary significantly from beat to beat.
```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: Autonomic Nervous System Dynamic on HRV accDescr: Diagram illustrating how sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs balance to create high or low Heart Rate Variability.
subgraph ANS["Autonomic Nervous System"] SNS["Sympathetic ('Fight or Flight')<br/>Elevates HR, BP, Respiration"] PNS["Parasympathetic ('Rest & Digest')<br/>Lowers HR, Promotes Sleep & Recovery"] end
ANS -->|"Dynamic Coupling & Balance"| HighHRV["High HRV (Healthy System)<br/>Adaptable to Stress & Environmental Shifts"] ANS -->|"Systemic Stress, Illness, or Aging"| LowHRV["Low HRV (Compromised System)<br/>Signals Infection, Overtraining, or Disease"] ```
Ahmed recalls that while studying at Harvard, he combed through medical literature searching for a non-invasive indicator of systemic strain and athletic overtraining. HRV immediately jumped out as the most promising metric, yet at the time, clinical tools could not track it outside of brief, wired laboratory assessments. That limitation became the founding thesis behind WHOOP: creating an untethered sensor capable of establishing a continuous, 24/7 personal baseline. Ahmed notes that HRV functions as both a core component of WHOOP's daily Recovery and Stress Monitor algorithms and an essential biomarker for longevity. Because population-level HRV predictably declines across decades, resisting that downward slope through training and sleep is a strong indicator of extended healthspan.
- “And it's a little counterintuitive, but the more variability in time between successive beats of the heart, the healthier your overall system is operating,” Ahmed explained. - Average HRV benchmarks by age cohort: - 20s: 80 to 100 ms - 30s: Drops toward ~70 ms - 40s: Drops toward ~50 ms - 50s and 60s: Declines into the 30s and below. - Keeping personal HRV flat against the chronological aging curve reflects superior cardiovascular fitness and longevity.
---
[17:22](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1042s) 24/7 Continuous Wear and the 50-Billion-Hour Health Data Moat
To deliver accurate baseline tracking, continuous data collection is non-negotiable. Ahmed details how WHOOP's hardware choices directly stem from this principle, most notably the slide-on battery pack that enables users to recharge the sensor while wearing it, paired with full water resistance so it stays on in the shower or bath. Jason contrasts this with his experience wearing an Apple Watch, which he abandoned due to disruptive screen notifications from forgotten apps, social awkwardness when checking his wrist in meetings, and short 24-to-48-hour battery limits. Jason points out that WHOOP's screenless form factor and charging architecture allowed him to maintain multi-year tracking streaks without interruption, keeping extra chargers at his desk, nightstand, and travel bag.
Ahmed reveals that the average WHOOP member wears their device 23.6 hours per day. That near-total adherence has allowed the company to amass over 50 billion hours of continuous physiological data, creating what is likely one of the largest longitudinal biometrics datasets in existence. When Jason inquires whether major artificial intelligence companies training frontier foundation models are attempting to license this proprietary data lake, Ahmed explains that WHOOP has chosen to retain the data internally. Instead of selling aggregate data to third parties, the company is training its own proprietary foundational health models directly on top of its multi-billion-hour repository.
- WHOOP members wear the device an average of 23.6 hours per day. - The company has gathered over 50 billion hours of continuous physiological monitoring. - “On average, a Whoop member wears Whoop 23.6 hours a day. And as a consequence, we have just over 50 billion hours of continuous physiological data,” Ahmed stated. - Rather than licensing biometric sets to outside frontier AI labs, WHOOP is developing internal foundation models specifically trained on this longitudinal data.
[20:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1200s) Multi-Modal Health Datasets, Predicting Biomarkers, and the AI Coach
WHOOP is expanding far beyond simple wrist-sensor telemetry by combining multiple distinct layers of health data. In addition to collecting continuous physiological readings from their wearable devices, users are actively uploading medical records, blood tests, and advanced lab results directly into the platform. By cross-referencing continuous wearable signals with definitive clinical results, WHOOP is discovering that it can infer medical abnormalities without an invasive test. As Will Ahmed explains:
> “And so as an example, we're now starting to see indications that through physiological signals, we might be able to predict that a biomarker is out of range without actually measuring the biomarker itself.”
This unlocks targeted interventions—such as detecting patterns consistent with elevated cortisol and advising a user to take a single, specific blood panel rather than a broad, expensive battery of tests.
```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: WHOOP Multi-Modal Data Engine accDescr: Diagram illustrating how wearable telemetry, clinical records, and self-reported journal entries feed WHOOP AI to generate predictive health alerts.
subgraph Inputs["Data Ingestion"] A["Sensor Telemetry<br>(HR, HRV, Skin Temp)"] B["Clinical Records<br>& Lab Work"] C["User Journal<br>(100+ Behaviors)"] end
subgraph Processing["WHOOP Intelligence"] D["Multi-Modal AI & Machine Learning"] end
subgraph Outputs["Actionable Guidance"] E["Targeted Diagnostic Alerts<br>(e.g., High Cortisol)"] F["Personalized Coaching<br>& Travel Protocols"] end
A --> D B --> D C --> D D --> E D --> F ```
The conversational AI Coach has quickly become central to the user experience. While it initially gave generic, basic replies to simple metric queries, rapid reinforcement learning and direct feedback from WHOOP’s 4 million members have turned it into a sophisticated analytical partner. The hosts discuss their practical usage, noting how the assistant now resolves complex edge cases like overseas travel. When planning a trip to Japan, the coach can analyze flight times, determine optimal sleep and caffeine cutoffs, and ensure the sleep tracker does not misread radical timezone shifts. Ahmed reveals that travel friction is such a common issue for their member base that WHOOP created an internal team dedicated exclusively to travel optimization.
- **Expanding Demographics:** While WHOOP originally targeted elite athletes, its demographic has broadened to "the aspiring"—professionals, parents wanting more energy, and people pursuing longevity. - **Engagement Depth:** Roughly 80% of WHOOP members interact directly with the AI Coach, with users opening the app an average of eight times per day. - **Maturity Rating:** The AI Coach is currently rated around a "seven and a half out of 10," with substantial upside remaining as more contextual datasets converge.
---
[23:05](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1385s) The WHOOP Journal: Crowdsourcing 100+ Daily Behaviors
Beyond passive physiological sensing and lab results, WHOOP relies heavily on self-reported subjective inputs collected via the WHOOP Journal. Over 50% of the active member base completes a journal entry every single day. The journal allows users to log over 100 different lifestyle variables, environmental factors, supplements, and emotional states—including hydration, alcohol intake, meditation, stress, sadness, happiness, and specific travel routines.
Ahmed points out that subjective anecdotal data is indispensable if an algorithm is ever to understand or predict subjective well-being:
> “If you wanted to come up with an algorithm for predicting whether someone would be happy, you would actually need a fair amount of data from someone on, you know, what makes them happy.”
By synthesizing continuous biometric streams with explicit behavioral logs and medical records, WHOOP believes it possesses a moat that conventional consumer tech companies cannot easily replicate.
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[25:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1512s) Behavioral Insights: Warm Baths, Alcohol, Late Meals, and Stress Scores
The real payoff of the WHOOP Journal emerges through its Behavioral Insights engine. Once a user logs an action at least ten times (typically five days with the behavior and five days without), the platform calculates the statistical percentage impact of that behavior on their next-day recovery score. WHOOP now employs roughly 1,200 people to support this expanding infrastructure.
The host shares his personal dashboard discoveries, highlighting the surprising impact of taking a warm bath with bath salts: despite initial skepticism, the routine yielded a +7% increase in recovery score. Ahmed confirms that a 7% jump is an extraordinarily high positive response. Conversely, the data shows severe penalties for other common habits:
> “Second to alcohol for being the most negative for me is a late meal. So eating within three hours of bedtime, we've now seen across the entire population, is really detrimental to your sleep and your recovery.”
Digesting food during the early hours of sleep elevates metabolic strain and disrupts restorative stages, keeping the body in a prolonged high-stress state.
- **Alcohol:** Widely recognized across the platform as "poison" for physiological recovery; Ahmed notes that drinking reduces his personal recovery score by -9%. - **Contrast Therapy:** Cold plunges and steam rooms produce relatively neutral numerical recovery swings for Ahmed, but provide experiential benefits and documented longevity mechanisms. - **Correlation Diagnostics:** When a behavior returns an unexpected impact—such as the host's vitamin D supplementation showing a -3% recovery impact—the AI Coach can contextualize confounding variables (e.g., whether vitamin D was taken primarily on stressful travel days). - **Physical Exertion Trade-offs:** Adding +5 strain points produces an expected -5% dip in immediate recovery, reflecting normal fatigue. - **Stress Score Mechanics:** Spending an additional 1% of the day in a high-stress state creates an average -9% drop in recovery; Ahmed explains that the proprietary stress score is calculated primarily from heart rate variability (HRV) alongside secondary sensors, built on peer-reviewed physiological research translated to large-scale consumer data.
[30:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1800s) Design, Habits, and the AI Health Coach
Will Ahmed explains that turning complex physiological data into actionable guidance requires pairing rigorous science with intentional design. A wearable has to present metrics in a format people actively want to check every day. As Ahmed points out:
> “And so there's a lot of science to it, but there's also art to it. And I think it's something WHOOP has been very good at, the recovery score and now our healthspan score is the most screenshotted page in the app.”
The host illustrates how this works in his daily routine by walking through his WHOOP journal entries and third-party app integrations. His tracked behaviors generate tangible score impacts: a consistent bedtime (+4), caffeine (+4), creatine (+4), and morning sunlight (+3). While he still forgets to log his meditation from the Calm and Waking Up apps, WHOOP automatically pulls in his activity data from the Slopes ski tracking app. The host jokes about his "CEO skiing" lifestyle—hitting the slopes for two hours a day, 30 to 40 days a year, split between his ski house and 5 to 10 days in Japan (joking that Ahmed should join him and Tucker Carlson on their trips). Because the system captures his skiing, long city walks, rucking, and farmer's walks, the built-in AI coach tailors training plans around his specific goals: avoiding injury and improving ski performance. Gamification elements, like fitness badges, also drive retention—the host notes he is currently in the top 1% for rucking and farmer's walks on a 300-day streak.
```mermaid flowchart LR accTitle: WHOOP Personalized Coaching Data Flow accDescr: Diagram showing how wearable sensor data and lifestyle habits feed into WHOOP AI to produce customized recovery guidance.
subgraph Inputs ["User Inputs & Integrations"] A["Journal Habits<br/>(Caffeine, Sunlight, Creatine)"] B["Third-Party Activity<br/>(Slopes Skiing, Walks)"] C["User Intentions<br/>(Prevent Injury, Ski Better)"] end
subgraph Platform ["WHOOP AI Platform"] D["Context Engine & Algorithmic Scoring"] end
subgraph Outputs ["Personalized Guidance"] E["Recovery & Healthspan Scores"] F["Targeted Exercise Plans"] G["Milestones & Gamified Badges"] end
A --> D B --> D C --> D D --> E D --> F D --> G ```
---
[32:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1920s) GLP-1 Weight Loss Tracking and Muscle Mass Preservation
The conversation shifts to the widespread adoption of GLP-1 medications and how wearable technology must evolve to manage their physiological side effects. The host shares that he personally dropped from 213 pounds down to 170 pounds—a 43-pound weight loss—on a light GLP-1 dose, which radically improved his skiing and sleep, though he laments not wearing his WHOOP through the full downward trajectory to watch his resting heart rate drop.
Now on a maintenance dose, the host highlights WHOOP’s newly launched GLP-1 tracker. Ahmed explains the core physiological challenge that prompted WHOOP to build dedicated features for GLP-1 users:
> “Well, in general, I think in line with this theme of we want to have a lot of data under the WHOOP umbrella so that we can actually give you the right insights. If you're taking a GLP-1, that's a pretty meaningful shift to what's going to happen to your body. One of the big things that happens with GLP-1s is that typically speaking about 50% of the weight that someone loses is fat and 50% muscle. And, you know, so that's how sometimes people can end up getting quite frail, even though they've lost a considerable amount of weight.”
To counter lean tissue loss, WHOOP's conversational setup logs medication cadence and configures a protective regimen: - Recommending daily targets such as hitting 9,800 steps. - Scheduling at least two strength or bodyweight training sessions per week. - Enforcing hydration tracking 7 days a week. - Monitoring high-protein dietary intake alongside emerging protocols like creatine supplementation.
---
[35:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2100s) Navigating the FDA: Blood Pressure Monitoring and Wellness vs. Medical Devices
The discussion moves to regulatory scrutiny and the tension between fast-moving digital health hardware and federal oversight. The host brings up WHOOP’s Blood Pressure Insights (BPI) feature and asks Ahmed to unpack the regulatory pushback across shifting political administrations—from Donald Trump's pro-business, deregulatory approach to Joe Biden's tighter oversight posture. Ahmed reflects on the inevitable friction when introducing breakthrough biometric tools:
> “And, you know, the history of very innovative technology with, you know, somewhat dated regulatory policies is a history that has controversy from time to time. So I'm not surprised that we've had some challenges or disagreements along the way. But I'm actually really happy with our relationship with the FDA today.”
Ahmed explains that measuring blood pressure accurately from the wrist without an inflatable cuff had long been considered an unsolved signal-processing problem. To tackle it, WHOOP partnered with its user base: - Enrolled 70,000 active members in a rapid large-scale clinical study on stress, sleep, and recovery. - Had participants log daily cuff-based blood pressure readings over several weeks to cross-train WHOOP's optical wrist algorithms against real clinical data.
The core regulatory clash stems from how the FDA draws the line between "wellness" and "medical devices." While fitness-oriented heart rate tracking during exercise and sleep falls safely under the unregulated wellness umbrella, tracking heart rate for conditions like AFib or heart attack prediction requires medical clearance. Historically, the FDA classified *all* blood pressure measurement as inherently medical. WHOOP challenged that binary view, arguing that blood pressure directly reflects everyday stress, sleep quality, and lifestyle choices. When WHOOP launched Blood Pressure Insights to provide consumer visibility into these dynamics, the FDA intervened, maintaining that the feature belonged in the regulated medical device domain.
[40:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2400s) Navigating the FDA, Hardware Integrations, and Data Privacy
Will Ahmed explains that WHOOP has experienced both conflict and collaboration with the FDA. At one point, the agency sent WHOOP a warning letter concerning its features, leading to a public disagreement. Ahmed emphasizes that the company stood its ground because it believed strongly in its regulatory approach. Ultimately, through extensive discussions, the FDA updated its guidance around general wellness applications. Consequently, WHOOP’s blood pressure insights feature remains accessible to consumers. In parallel, WHOOP operates within traditional regulatory pathways when necessary: its wrist-based ECG feature—which allows users to record an electrocardiogram simply by placing their fingers on the device—received FDA 510(k) clearance after clinical trials. Ahmed outlines this dual philosophy: “In some cases, we're going through a process of clinical trials to get FDA approval. In other cases, we want to bring a product to market faster. And we also believe it's a wellness application.”
```mermaid flowchart LR accTitle: WHOOP Dual Regulatory Strategy accDescr: Diagram contrasting WHOOP wellness features against FDA-cleared clinical features. subgraph Wellness["Wellness Application Pathway"] W1["Blood Pressure Insights"] --> W2["Non-diagnostic wellness tracking"] W2 --> W3["Faster market rollout"] end subgraph Clinical["FDA 510(k) Cleared Pathway"] C1["Wrist-based ECG Feature"] --> C2["Clinical trials & validation"] C2 --> C3["Medical-grade clearance"] end ```
The conversation pivots to peripheral hardware integrations when Jason Calacanis questions why WHOOP integrates with third-party devices, like the Omron blood pressure cuff, instead of manufacturing its own cuffs or smart scales. Calacanis argues that with an estimated $10 billion valuation, 4 million members, and roughly $1 billion in revenue, WHOOP should simply acquire Omron or build a first-party ecosystem so users do not have to route measurements through Apple Health or Fitbit. Ahmed responds that while WHOOP typically defaults to building or acquiring rather than partnering, standard blood pressure cuffs are commoditized hardware. WHOOP prefers using an external cuff merely as an occasional calibration tool, with the ultimate ambition of rendering physical cuffs obsolete through wrist-based sensing.
Ahmed also underlines the core business model as a key differentiator from big tech competitors: WHOOP does not monetize member data. “The membership is the product,” Ahmed states, pointing out that members pay for subscriptions rather than serving as ad inventory. Calacanis concurs, highlighting that while Apple protects user privacy reasonably well, their primary driver remains selling expensive hardware with what he views as clunky native health software.
- **Regulatory Clearances**: WHOOP received an FDA 510(k) clearance for its ECG feature, enabling on-demand ECG readings directly from the wrist sensor. - **Guideline Revisions**: Following regulatory friction over blood pressure insights, the FDA updated wellness guidelines, allowing WHOOP to keep the feature active. - **Hardware Integration Stance**: Ahmed views third-party blood pressure cuffs like Omron as commoditized calibration devices that WHOOP hopes to eventually replace via wearable sensors. - **Privacy Model**: Unlike advertising-driven tech conglomerates, WHOOP maintains strict data protection policies and refuses to sell user data.
---
[42:47](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2567s) Competing Against Apple and Wearable Market Consolidation
When asked whether an impending Apple wearable keeps him awake at night, Ahmed acknowledges Apple’s hardware and software execution but contrasts the Apple Watch's multi-purpose utility with WHOOP’s focused, screenless form factor. The Apple Watch dominates the smartwatch category for users seeking notifications, emails, and ride-hailing integrations. However, building an unobtrusive, 24/7 screenless wearable poses distinct engineering and behavioral hurdles that have thwarted many competitors over the previous decade.
Ahmed and Calacanis reflect on the history of the wearable landscape, observing that the market was actually far more crowded ten years ago than it is today. Major tech and athletic apparel brands—including Jawbone, Fitbit, Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour—all launched competing hardware initiatives. Most eventually folded or sold off their intellectual property, such as Nike abandoning the FuelBand and exiting the direct hardware space, which Calacanis characterizes as an obvious strategic misstep.
---
[44:33](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2673s) The Biohacking and Fitness Lightning Round
Calacanis runs Ahmed through a rapid-fire series of health, recovery, and lifestyle choices:
- **Bryan Johnson vs. Andrew Huberman**: Ahmed splits his vote depending on the metric. For reach and podcasting impact, he selects Huberman, but he credits Bryan Johnson with expanding public imagination about biomarker tracking. - **Cold Plunge vs. Cold Shower**: Ahmed selects the cold shower, citing accessibility and the practical, daily energizing benefits of a simple 30- to 60-second blast of cold water. - **Red Light Therapy vs. Traditional Hot Sauna**: Ahmed firmly chooses the traditional hot sauna because of the higher heat intensity, while Calacanis dismisses red light therapy as marketing hype. - **Zone 2 Cardio vs. Strength Training**: Considering longevity and muscle preservation, Ahmed strongly advocates for lifting weights over spending an hour on an elliptical trainer. - **WHOOP Wake-Up Alarms (Recovery-Based, Sleep-Score-Based, or Hard Alarm)**: Ahmed recommends sleep- or recovery-based smart alarms while on vacation, but cautions: “If you're on vacation, you can go with recovery or sleep. But if you're trying to run a tech company, you better pick an exact time.” - **Coffee Timing (Immediate vs. Delaying 90 Minutes)**: Rather than following protocol-driven delays, Ahmed prefers drinking coffee immediately upon waking. - **Strain vs. Sleep vs. Recovery**: When forced to choose among WHOOP's primary metrics, Ahmed names Recovery as the one he obsesses over most, noting that he checks the color of his dial every morning.
---
[48:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=2886s) LeBron James Becomes a Global Ambassador
Ahmed reveals that NBA superstar LeBron James has officially joined WHOOP as a global ambassador. Notably, James has worn a WHOOP strap for 11 years—dating back to when he was among the first 100 people to ever put on the device—without any prior contractual or financial agreement. Ahmed describes how meaningful it was in the company's early days when an elite athlete voluntarily tested an unproven device from an unknown startup, giving the founding team confidence that their physiological tracking offered genuine utility.
James joins an international ambassador roster that includes Cristiano Ronaldo, Patrick Mahomes, Lewis Hamilton, Aryna Sabalenka, and Nelly Korda. Calacanis asks whether this formal partnership signals a shift away from WHOOP's historical rule against paying professional athletes to wear their hardware. Ahmed clarifies that the core philosophy remains unchanged for early-stage companies: paying influencers before achieving organic product-market fit is dangerous. Professional athletes were WHOOP's ideal customer profile, and authentic adoption was mandatory because no athlete will tolerate wearing an uncomfortable device 24/7 purely for an endorsement fee. “You know, you want people to love your product authentically,” Ahmed notes, explaining that once a product demonstrably improves an athlete's sleep, recovery, and on-court performance, formal business relationships can develop naturally from that organic foundation.
[50:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=3000s) Athlete Investors, In-Game Wearable Bans, and the League Shakedown
Will Ahmed reflects on how WHOOP’s early philosophy around professional athlete partnerships evolved over time. Rather than paying for standard endorsements upfront, the company focused on building an authentic product that elite, best-in-class performers across global sports genuinely loved and used. Many of these athletes loved the tracker so much that they actively approached WHOOP wanting to invest capital into the business. From those organic investor relationships, WHOOP negotiated name, image, and likeness (NIL) arrangements, granting the company valuable advertising rights.
Jason Calacanis then asks whether athletes are actually allowed to wear WHOOP bands on the court during live games, noting strict league rules against wearing jewelry due to injury risks. Ahmed explains that the NBA is still evaluating in-game use, though players can easily wear the device concealed under an armband or embedded in athletic apparel. This prompts Ahmed to bring up a high-profile controversy at the Australian Open, where multiple tennis players were instructed by tournament officials to remove their WHOOP bands while competing on court. Ahmed clarifies that the tournament organizers were unfamiliar with what the players had strapped under their armbands, even though the International Tennis Federation (ITF) had already officially sanctioned and approved WHOOP for match play. Following that incident, other Grand Slam majors stepped forward to explicitly permit wearable tech.
Jason reacts cynically to the regulatory resistance from sports organizations, viewing safety arguments as a thin veil for commercial negotiations. Calacanis argues that league officials and tournament organizers are not genuinely concerned about a lightweight, 1.2-ounce sensor wrapped securely under an armband, but are instead angling for lucrative sponsorship deals. “I'll tell you what's going on in the background,” Jason remarks. “Your marketing department's probably getting shaken down.” He jokes that tournament organizers will claim an athlete might be injured by wearing 1.2 ounces, but would instantly change their tune if WHOOP paid ten million dollars to put a promotional logo on the court wall. Ahmed laughs in agreement, noting that Jason knows the ins and outs of the sports marketing landscape.
- **Apparel Integration:** WHOOP can be worn on armbands, bicep sleeves, or embedded into compression gear, bypassing traditional wrist jewelry restrictions. - **Tennis Governing Bodies:** The International Tennis Federation (ITF) had approved WHOOP for tournament matches prior to the Australian Open’s temporary intervention. - **Hardware Weight:** The sensor hardware weighs roughly 1.2 ounces.
---
[52:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=3132s) Early-Stage Investing, Secondary Broker Madness, and Masa Son’s Uber Play
Turning the conversation to venture capital, Ahmed asks Jason about the current state of early-stage investing, wondering whether he is competing to lead massive billion-dollar seed rounds or remaining committed to the foundational accelerator model. Jason explains that he deliberately leans into the difficult, unglamorous “year zero” incubation and seed work because very few firms are willing to put in the effort at that stage. However, as the 4,000 members of his investment syndicate kept clamoring for access to late-stage private market leaders—asking whether he could get them allocations into Zipline, WHOOP, SpaceX, or Anthropic—Jason’s team launched a dedicated late-stage practice. They have since syndicated secondary transactions into multi-billion-dollar companies like Zipline and ICON (the 3D-printed home builder), strictly executing deals only when the founders and corporate CFOs provide explicit blessings.
This leads into a discussion about the chaotic mechanics of secondary transactions, Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs), and unauthorized secondary brokers. Ahmed admits that managing private share transfers is a perpetual headache regardless of company performance: “I'll say this. It's complicated when your business is failing and it's complicated when your business is winning.” Ahmed advises investors never to operate behind a company’s back, stressing that buyers should build a direct relationship with the CFO and respect their decision if the company refuses to approve a transfer.
Jason strongly concurs, warning founders and investors to watch out for rogue secondary brokers who float phantom share blocks at arbitrary valuations just to manufacture demand. Calacanis recounts being contacted by brokers claiming to have shares in a multi-billion-dollar company where he sits on the board; when he asks for the seller’s identity so he can loop in the CFO, the brokers immediately vanish. Jason recalls that this phenomenon barely existed 10 to 15 years ago outside of Facebook. He shares an anecdote from Uber’s secondary tender, when SoftBank’s Masayoshi Son leveraged the competitive threat of funding Lyft to force early investors to sell him their equity. Jason happily sold 10% of his Uber position off the top to appease Masa and secure the investment.
```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: Venture Capital Syndicate and Secondary Process accDescr: Workflow showing Jason Calacanis's syndicate operations from Year Zero investing to late-stage SPVs and secondary compliance.
subgraph EarlyStage ["Foundational VC"] A["Year Zero / Accelerator Work"] --> B["4,000-Member Syndicate Allocation"] end
subgraph LateStage ["Late-Stage Practice"] B --> C["Member Demand: Zipline, SpaceX, WHOOP, Anthropic"] C --> D["Targeted Late-Stage SPVs (e.g., Zipline, ICON)"] end
subgraph SecondaryHygiene ["Governance & Secondary Hygiene"] D --> E["CFO Approval & Direct Corporate Blessing"] F["Rogue Secondary Brokers Fishing for Supply"] -.->|"Block / Reject"| E end ```
---
[54:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=3288s) The Anti-AI Trade Disconnect and Closing Wrap-Up
In the final moments of the interview, Jason reflects on the broader macroeconomic and public market landscape. He points out the strange market dynamics affecting major tech and platform companies like Uber, DoorDash, and Figma, where strong operational surges and historically compressed price-to-earnings (P/E) multiples are clashing with market sentiment that lumps them into an “anti-AI” trade. Jason notes that while some businesses are unfairly punished or misunderstood as AI reshapes the tech landscape, the transition will ultimately create massive investment opportunities.
Bringing the interview to a close, Jason encourages viewers to pick up a WHOOP band as a holiday gift and praises Will Ahmed for building an exceptional health product. Ahmed expresses his gratitude, thanking Jason for having him on the program.
## Notable quotes > [52:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=3132s) It's complicated when your business is failing and it's complicated when your business is winning. — Will Ahmed
> [01:48](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=108s) when you're a subscription business, you become really obsessed with your existing members, arguably more so even the new members. — Will Ahmed
> [25:12](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=1512s) eating within three hours of bedtime, we've now seen across the entire population, is really detrimental to your sleep and your recovery. — Will Ahmed
> [14:40](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc&t=880s) it's a little counterintuitive, but the more variability in time between successive beats of the heart, the healthier your overall system is operating — Will Ahmed
## Mentioned Adidas, All-In Podcast, Andrew Huberman, Anthropic, Apple, Apple Health, Apple Watch, Aryna Sabalenka, Australian Open, Bryan Johnson, Calm, Cristiano Ronaldo, David Sacks, Donald Trump, DoorDash, Duane Reade, Facebook, FDA, Figma, Fitbit, Google Health, Harvard, ICON, International Tennis Federation (ITF), Jason Calacanis, Jawbone, Joe Biden, LeBron James, Lewis Hamilton, Lyft, Masayoshi Son, NBA, Nelly Korda, Nike, Nike FuelBand, Omron, Patrick Mahomes, Paxlovid, Slopes, SoftBank, SpaceX, Tesla, This Week in Startups, Tucker Carlson, Uber, Under Armour, Waking Up, WHOOP, Will Ahmed, Zipline
## Video description (0:00) Welcome Will Ahmed, CEO of WHOOP (0:59) WHOOP's $500 Hardware Problem & the Subscription Pivot (6:59) Inside 50 Billion Hours of 24/7 Health Data (19:31) WHOOP's AI Coach, Journal Insights & GLP-1 Tracking (34:57) WHOOP vs. the FDA & Competitor Wearables (44:33) Lightning Round & LeBron James becomes a WHOOP Ambassador
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[Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc6xXNBWjfc)