a16z
Early hip-hop emerged as a resource-starved mutation of disco during New York's 1970s fiscal crisis, creating the performance and songwriting foundations that propelled Run-DMC and Nas to multi-platinum success.
AI-assisted summary of How Kurtis Blow Inspired Nas and Lauryn Hill’s Classic — original source. Check the original for full context.
Source published:
Key ideas
- Hip-hop culture originated in 1970s New York as an organic urban mutation of dance and disco music, forged by youth navigating systemic urban decay, redlining, and municipal neglect. (1:52)
- Kurtis Blow mentored a teenage Joey Simmons (Rev Run), paying him $35 per show as his DJ before Simmons went on to co-found Run-DMC. (13:10)
- Nas's 1996 classic 'If I Ruled the World' featuring Lauryn Hill was directly inspired by Kurtis Blow's 1985 anthem, with Blow predicting its multi-platinum success upon first hearing the cassette. (20:32)
- The Paid in Full Foundation, spotlighted by Roxanne Shanté and Nas, exists to provide overdue recognition and financial reverence to foundational hip-hop architects who established the culture without blueprints or initial capital. (23:00)
Detailed notes
## Background Published by a16z on YouTube on October 31, 2026, this Paid in Full fireside chat features Nas, Rev Run, and Roxanne Shanté celebrating the foundational hip-hop legacy of Kurtis Blow. The video description highlights Kurtis Blow's recollections of building hip-hop culture from nothing in 1970s Harlem, Rev Run's beginnings under his mentorship, Nas's reimagining of "If I Ruled the World" with Lauryn Hill, and Roxanne Shanté's tribute to the pioneers who paved the way.
## TL;DR In an intimate retrospective, Kurtis Blow recounts hip-hop's origins as "ghetto disco" amidst the fiscal crises, redlining, and urban decay of 1970s New York City. The conversation details his strategic partnership with Russell Simmons, his mentorship of a teenage Joey Simmons (Rev Run) through $35 DJ gigs, and their shared arena tours and film work in Krush Groove. Nas reflects on how Kurtis Blow's 1985 anthem "If I Ruled the World" provided uplifting representation that inspired his own 1996 hit with Lauryn Hill, which Kurtis Blow instantly predicted would go double platinum. The session concludes with Roxanne Shanté emphasizing the core mission of the Paid in Full Foundation: honoring and properly compensating the architects who built hip-hop out of pure passion.
## Atmosphere & style The discussion carries a reverent, familial warmth, feeling less like a formal panel and more like a generational family reunion steeped in deep mutual respect. There is an emotional arc of nostalgia and triumph, shifting from vivid, gritty memories of 1970s Harlem street survival to humorous backstage tour anecdotes involving Eddie Murphy and Prince. The tone balances affectionate storytelling between Kurtis Blow and Rev Run with Nas and Roxanne Shanté's solemn, heartfelt acknowledgment of the sacrifices made by hip-hop's earliest pioneers.
## Bulletin - [01:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=112s) Hip-hop culture originated in 1970s New York as an organic urban mutation of dance and disco music, forged by youth navigating systemic urban decay, redlining, and municipal neglect. - [13:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=790s) Kurtis Blow mentored a teenage Joey Simmons (Rev Run), paying him $35 per show as his DJ before Simmons went on to co-found Run-DMC. - [20:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1232s) Nas's 1996 classic 'If I Ruled the World' featuring Lauryn Hill was directly inspired by Kurtis Blow's 1985 anthem, with Blow predicting its multi-platinum success upon first hearing the cassette. - [23:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1380s) The Paid in Full Foundation, spotlighted by Roxanne Shanté and Nas, exists to provide overdue recognition and financial reverence to foundational hip-hop architects who established the culture without blueprints or initial capital.
## Key takeaways - [01:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=112s) Early hip-hop was built purely from personal resourcefulness and passion during a period of intense trauma and municipal abandonment in 1970s New York. - [01:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=112s) Before the term 'hip-hop' was coined, participants referred to the lifestyle through terms like 'rocking,' 'breaking,' 'burning,' and 'partying.' - [05:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=352s) Kurtis Blow characterizes hip-hop as an urban evolution of dance club culture, describing it as 'ghetto disco.' - [05:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=352s) Studying club DJs across New York—specifically DJ Hollywood's dynamic call-and-response MCing at Bronx's Club 371—fundamentally transformed Kurtis Blow's performance style. - [09:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=567s) To stand out among dozens of MCs, Kurtis Blow applied an 'outside-in' communications strategy by dominating outer markets like Queens before tackling central New York. - [09:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=567s) Kurtis Blow partnered with Russell Simmons to launch Night Fevers Disco under Rush Productions, initiating their long-term professional relationship. - [13:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=790s) Rev Run started as Kurtis Blow's teenage DJ and protégé, earning $35 per gig and hauling vinyl crates across the city via subway and bus. - [13:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=790s) The signature call-and-response name scratches Run used in Run-DMC were originally developed during live routines warming up the crowd for Kurtis Blow. - [15:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=926s) Kurtis Blow acted as a protective older brother and father figure to young Joey Simmons, shielding him from Russell Simmons' temper. - [15:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=926s) Run's famous stage shout 'This is my motherfucking house!' and aggressive microphone-smashing persona originated as a parody of an Eddie Murphy comedy routine. - [18:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1123s) Kurtis Blow achieved historic crossover appeal, touring international arenas alongside major acts like Nile Rodgers, Marvin Gaye, and Bob Marley. - [20:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1232s) Kurtis Blow's 1985 anthem 'If I Ruled the World' and his presence in 'Krush Groove' offered an empowering counter-narrative to bleak media depictions of the South Bronx. - [20:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1232s) Upon first hearing Nas and Lauryn Hill's reimagined cassette of 'If I Ruled the World', Kurtis Blow immediately alerted Sony executives that the record would achieve double-platinum success. - [23:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1380s) Roxanne Shanté emphasizes that the mission of Paid in Full transcends industry politics to honor the architects who built hip-hop out of pure love and paved the way for future generations.
## Detailed walkthrough ### [00:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=0s) Honoring Kurtis Blow: The Architects and the Legacy
Nas introduces the evening’s discussion as an exploration of the deeper roots of hip-hop, highlighting the foundational era before it evolved into an international business and cultural empire. Looking across at pioneers like Kurtis Blow, Nas reflects on his childhood perception of hip-hop legends, recalling how their voices emanating from stereo equipment made them seem larger than life: “The face speakers was what I was looking at. I was stare at the radio just like what's their lives like?” Kurtis Blow was a defining catalyst whose music directly altered Nas’s own creative trajectory, most notably when Nas reinterpreted Blow’s iconic track “If I Ruled the World” alongside Lauryn Hill.
This conversation, held under the auspices of the Paid in Full Foundation, pivots beyond the mere mechanics of making records to emphasize the enduring lineage of hip-hop culture. Kurtis reminisces on watching young Joey Simmons grow from an ambitious teenager into Rev Run of Run-DMC. Nas points out that this gathering serves as an intimate reflection on survival, brotherhood, and the creative spirit that sparked an unprecedented global movement from the streets of New York City.
[01:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=112s) Built From Nothing: Harlem, Burning Buildings, and Escapism
Nas asks Kurtis Blow (born Kurtis Walker) to revisit his early Harlem days before recording contracts existed, asking what his young ambitions were and if he ever foresaw the music reaching a global audience. Kurtis clarifies that in those nascent days, the culture lacked even the name “hip-hop”; instead, participants described their lifestyle through active expressions like “rocking,” “breaking,” “burning,” and “partying.”
```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: The Genesis of Hip-Hop Culture accDescr: A process diagram showing how 1970s New York hardships led to community innovation and disco-fueled escapism. subgraph S1["Societal Upheaval"] A["Civil Rights Aftermath & Trauma"] --> B["Fiscal Crisis & Redlining"] end subgraph S2["Street Reality"] B --> C["Arson & Abandoned Buildings"] C --> D["Youth Tagging Graffiti with Markers"] end subgraph S3["Cultural Creation"] D --> E["Club Escapism & Speaker Bass"] E --> F["Birth of Early Hip-Hop Culture"] end ```
The era was marked by deep social trauma following the civil rights movement and the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, JFK, and RFK. In the 1970s, as chronicled in the documentary *The Bronx Is Burning*, systemic municipal abandonment, redlining, and landlord arson to collect insurance payouts left blocks in ruins. Young people turned abandoned structures into hangouts, creating early forms of graffiti by tagging their names with magic markers.
Despite federal neglect and New York City facing bankruptcy—punctuated by the infamous presidential refusal of financial aid—the youth channeled systemic neglect into innovation. Kurtis stresses that the foundation was built purely from personal resourcefulness and passion: > “We built the music and the culture from the ground up with nothing.”
For Kurtis and his peers, music served as a transformative refuge. He describes visiting dance spaces simply to submerge his senses in the vibrations of massive sound systems, placing his head against the grilles to feel the bass resonate through his entire body.
[05:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=352s) Ghetto Disco, Phony IDs, and DJ Hollywood's Microphone Influence
When Nas asks if the music filling those early speakers was disco, Kurtis vigorously affirms his appreciation for the genre, defining hip-hop as an urban evolution born out of dance club culture: > “I called it a mutation of disco. Wow. Even more so, it's ghetto disco.”
The disco era arose directly out of the post-civil rights and flower-child eras, providing an outlet where hard-working residents spent their weekends wearing their best suits and silk dresses under flashing strobe lights. Harlem youth, often lacking the entrance fees for high-end Manhattan venues, found creative workarounds. In 1975, at age 16, Kurtis procured a fake ID on 42nd Street declaring him 21 years old.
Armed with his false credentials, Kurtis studied the techniques of leading selectors across New York’s nightclub circuit, regularly visiting prominent spaces: - Le Jardin (Levigotas) - Nemo's - Negril - Superstar Cafeteria - Hotel Diplomat - Ipanema - Paradise Garage
His DJ research culminated in the Bronx at Club 371 ("The House of Joy and Fun"), where Harlem native DJ Hollywood headlined to blocks-long queues. Watching Hollywood command the crowd on the microphone reshaped Kurtis's performance approach. Having already begun MCing in 1974 at a former Harlem police station turned youth venue called the WHAM (on 152nd Street and Amsterdam Avenue, across from the 151st Street battlegrounds park), Kurtis had developed his early microphone style by impersonating WWRL radio disc jockey Hank Span ("Super 16"). Hollywood’s live call-and-response dynamism showed him how to scale up that craft.
[09:27](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=567s) Russell Simmons, Queens, and the Boondocks Strategy
Kurtis Blow and Russell Simmons first crossed paths as City College of New York (CCNY) students around 1977. Recognising Simmons’s promotional abilities, Kurtis orchestrated a showcase to win him over. He invited Simmons to a crowded Harlem house party with 150 neighborhood friends and deployed DJ Hollywood-inspired call-and-response chants (“If you got on clean underwear, somebody say, 'Oh yeah!'”) before dropping Chic’s hit “Good Times.” The calculated showcase convinced Simmons, establishing their long-term professional partnership.
Kurtis applied concepts from his communications studies to design a deliberate career roadmap. To break through a crowded field of roughly 50 prominent MCs across New York City during 1978 and 1979, he implemented an outside-in strategy: > “I learned that if you want to compete, go out to the outskirts of the city into the what we call the boondocks and get yourself a track record, you know, pull out a number one in this market, a number one in this market, and then come back to the big city and say, 'Hey, man, give me a shot.'”
Kurtis persuaded Simmons to co-found Night Fevers Disco in Russell’s home territory of Queens under the banner of Rush Productions. Spending weekends in Queens brought Kurtis directly into contact with Russell’s younger brother, Joey Simmons (later Rev Run). Joey eagerly immersed himself in their world, putting up promotional flyers along Jamaica Avenue, running errands, and cooking breakfast just to stay close to the scene. Kurtis took the teenager under his protective wing, beginning a lifelong bond that persisted through personal accidents and family transitions.
[13:10](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=790s) DJing in the Attic and the $35 Gigs
Rev Run recalls his earliest days working alongside Kurtis Blow when he was only 14 or 15 years old. Before he ever rapped, Run was primarily Kurtis Blow’s DJ, though he describes himself back then as an evolving hybrid of DJ and MC. Because he could not yet drive, Run spent entire weekends hauling two heavy crates of vinyl across New York via buses and subways to stay at Kurtis’s house, eventually resorting to taking cabs. Run had taken over an attic bedroom upstairs from his brother Russell Simmons, where the whole neighborhood crew would congregate to practice and hang out.
Kurtis supported Run’s development directly, giving him $35 per show. To the teenage Run, that cash felt like “a billion dollars back then.” Rather than buying standard Technics 1200 turntables, Run used his earnings to purchase a set of Quanta turntables and practiced until his hands became lightning-fast. On stage, Kurtis and Run developed a seamless live dynamic: Kurtis would open the set alone behind the turntables to warm up the crowd, Run would slip out unannounced to take over the DJ booth, and Kurtis would grab the microphone to rhyme. After running through a few songs, Kurtis would step back to the decks, allowing Run to cut up records and introduce him to the crowd. It was during these live routines that Run conceived the classic chant calling out Kurtis Blow's name, which Run later adapted for Jam Master Jay to call out Run on stage once Run-DMC formed.
- Run developed the name-chant scratch routine for Kurtis Blow until he broke his wrist and handed the duty off to Davey DMX. - Run met his wife at an event where they performed at a roller-skating rink in Long Island.
---
[15:26](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=926s) Mentorship, *Krush Groove*, and "This Is My House"
Kurtis Blow reflects on taking the young Joey Simmons under his wing starting when Joey was just 13 years old. Kurtis acted as a fiercely protective older brother and father figure, often shielding Joey from Russell Simmons' temper. Rev Run acknowledges that he couldn't fully comprehend at the time why someone as legendary as Kurtis looked out for him, but notes: “I was his son.” Kurtis echoes that lifelong bond, declaring, “This guy right here, he was my heart.” Their partnership moved from local stages to major cross-country tours and the silver screen when they co-starred in the 1985 feature film *Krush Groove*. Nas reminisces about watching *Krush Groove* in theaters as a kid, being completely captivated by their larger-than-life presence.
```mermaid flowchart TD accTitle: Evolution of Rev Run Stage Persona accDescr: Diagram tracing the lineage of Run's classic stage aggression from Eddie Murphy's comedy to Run-DMC's arena routines.
subgraph Inspiration["Comedy Roots"] A["Eddie Murphy Routine:<br/>'This is my house...'"] end
subgraph Rehearsal["Group Incubation"] B["Rev Run adopts phrase offstage"] C["Jam Master Jay urges Run:<br/>'Say it on stage!'"] end
subgraph StagePerformance["Arena Routine"] D["Explosive opening yell:<br/>'This is my motherf***ing house!'"] E["Throwing mic stands &<br/>dropping microphones"] end
A --> B B --> C C --> D D --> E ```
Nas highlights an iconic moment in *Krush Groove* where Run gets into an argument with his brother Russell and storms out onto the stage. Run reveals the comedic origin of his explosive catchphrase, “This is my motherfucking house!”: he borrowed it directly from an Eddie Murphy stand-up routine parodying Murphy’s father ordering guests to leave his home. Run repeated the joke endlessly backstage until Jam Master Jay pushed him to scream it during their live performances. When Run later informed Murphy that he was the inspiration behind the famous concert line, Murphy couldn't believe it.
On tour with Kurtis Blow and the Fat Boys—both produced by Kurtis Blow—Run-DMC brought an aggressive rock-and-roll attitude to the stage, regularly tossing mic stands, yelling at audiences, and slamming microphones onto the deck at the end of their sets. The nightly destruction grew so severe that the tour sound engineer pleaded with Kurtis to rein them in. When asked to make them stop smashing equipment, Kurtis simply replied, “No, just make them pay for it,” and Run dutifully paid the bill for every broken mic.
---
[18:43](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1123s) Arena Tours, Prince, and the Jheri Curl
Kurtis Blow broke barriers as hip-hop’s premier touring powerhouse, sharing arena bills across the globe with legendary soul, funk, and reggae acts like Nile Rodgers, Marvin Gaye, and Bob Marley. Run recalls an evening at Madison Square Garden where Davey DMX fell ill, forcing Run to rush in and set up the turntables to DJ Kurtis’s set opening for Bob Marley. Kurtis describes the era as a waking dream, recounting a backstage encounter with Prince in Memphis, Tennessee, right after the success of “If I Ruled the World” and *Krush Groove*.
Eager to meet Prince, Kurtis arranged a joint photo shoot through his record label at a local club. The venue was swarmed by an audience of 3,000 women inside and another 2,000 clamoring outside. Both artists showed up sporting impeccably styled Jheri curls. While the crowd mobbed them for autographs and photos, Kurtis humorously acknowledges the disparity in their star wattage: Prince took 2,000 pictures with the swooning crowd, while Kurtis managed around 20.
---
[20:32](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1232s) "If I Ruled the World" and Lauryn Hill
Nas speaks directly to Kurtis Blow about the profound impact of his 1985 anthem “If I Ruled the World.” Nas emphasizes that during a bleak era when mainstream media depicted the South Bronx as nothing more than burning buildings, Kurtis was on records uplifting the borough and celebrating the beauty, style, and resilience of its people. Seeing a Black man command the silver screen in *Krush Groove* and proclaim “If I Ruled the World” inspired Nas to write his own 1996 update featuring Lauryn Hill. Nas asks Kurtis what it felt like to hear his foundational anthem reimagined a decade later.
Kurtis recalls the moment a cassette of the Nas and Lauryn Hill track arrived at his home. Having recently outfitted his modest Nissan with a high-fidelity, high-output sound system, Kurtis popped the tape in and sat parked for two hours, rewinding the track over and over in disbelief. Blown away by Nas’s verses and Lauryn Hill’s vocals, Kurtis immediately phoned Sony executives with an enthusiastic prediction: “You put that record out and put normal promotion behind it and I guarantee it will go double platinum.” His prediction proved accurate, cementing an enduring creative lineage between hip-hop's foundational era and its golden age.
---
[23:00](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1380s) Roxanne Shanté on the Essence of Paid in Full
As the conversation draws to an emotional close, Nas turns to Roxanne Shanté to provide the final word on Kurtis Blow’s legacy. Shanté steps back from industry politics to define the core mission of the Paid in Full Foundation. She explains that honoring legends like Kurtis Blow transcends individual rivalries or commercial milestones; it is about paying genuine reverence to the architects who built the culture out of pure passion when there was no money or blueprint in place.
> “See, Paid in Full is not about anybody’s personal feelings about anything that takes place in the industry, but it is about the love of hip-hop and a person’s accomplishments and their love and their passion and their contribution to hip-hop.” — Roxanne Shanté
Shanté stresses that Kurtis was present on the front lines from the culture's birth, fighting through every obstacle so later generations could inherit a global platform. Because of that relentless groundwork, she notes, honoring Kurtis Blow is not just fitting—it is an absolute necessity.
[24:06](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=1446s) Paid in Full: The Final Tribute to Kurtis Blow
The fireside chat concludes on an emotional and celebratory note of gratitude and reverence for Kurtis Blow's legacy and foundational role in hip-hop history. As the conversation wraps up, the speaker expresses deep affection and honors him for blazing the trail for generations of artists that followed in his footsteps. Roxanne Shanté highlights that this recognition is not just symbolic, but a long-overdue acknowledgment of his lifetime contributions, telling him: “And congratulations because you deserve to be paid in full.” Kurtis Blow graciously accepts the honor, responding simply with heartfelt appreciation: “Thank you.”
- The closing remarks underscore the core mission of the Paid in Full Foundation: ensuring hip-hop pioneers receive proper recognition, respect, and compensation for building the culture from the ground up.
## Notable quotes > [01:52](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0&t=112s) We built the music and the culture from the ground up with nothing. — Kurtis Blow
## Mentioned Kurtis Blow, Nas, Lauryn Hill, Rev Run, Roxanne Shanté, Russell Simmons, Run-DMC, Paid in Full Foundation, The Bronx Is Burning, DJ Hollywood, Hank Span, Chic, Jam Master Jay, Davey DMX, Eddie Murphy, The Fat Boys, Krush Groove, Prince, Bob Marley, Nile Rodgers, Marvin Gaye, City College of New York (CCNY), Sony, If I Ruled the World
## Video description Before hip-hop was a global industry, Kurtis Blow remembers building the culture in a New York where “we had nothing.” In this Paid in Full fireside chat, Nas, Rev Run, and Roxanne Shanté celebrate one of hip-hop’s foundational artists and trace the influence he had on the generations that followed.
Kurtis takes Nas back to 1970s Harlem, when hip-hop wasn’t even called hip-hop, and explains how disco, DJing, block parties, and a city in crisis helped give rise to a new culture. Rev Run shares how Kurtis took him under his wing as a teenager, from carrying records and DJing his shows to developing the stage presence that would eventually define Run-DMC. And Nas explains why Kurtis’ “If I Ruled the World” meant enough to him to revisit it with Lauryn Hill years later.
The conversation closes with Roxanne Shanté reflecting on what Paid in Full is ultimately about: recognizing the passion, accomplishments, and contributions of the pioneers who helped make hip-hop what it is today.
Timestamps: 0:00 Intro 0:47 Built From Nothing: Hip Hop's Origins 5:19 Hip Hop Was "Ghetto Disco" 7:02 A Fake ID and Every Disco in New York 9:27 Meeting Russell Simmons (and Little Joey) 12:12 Breakfast, Flyers, and "My Heart" 16:17 Krush Groove and "This Is My House" 18:43 Bob Marley, Prince, and the Jheri Curl 20:32 "If I Ruled the World" and Lauryn Hill 23:00 Paid in Full: The Final Tribute
Resources: Learn more about the Paid in Full Foundation: https://paidinfullfoundation.org Follow Kurtis Blow on X: https://x.com/KurtisBlow1 Follow Nas on X: https://x.com/Nas Follow Rev Run on X: https://x.com/RevRunWisdom Follow Roxanne Shanté on X: https://x.com/ImroxanneShante
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[Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d83IiEU7_0)